Space Science Reviews

, Volume 21, Issue 2, pp 207–232 | Cite as

Radio science investigations with Voyager

  • V. R. Eshleman
  • G. L. Tyler
  • J. D. Anderson
  • G. Fjeldbo
  • G. S. Levy
  • G. E. Wood
  • T. A. Croft
Article
Received:

Abstract

The planned radio science investigations during the Voyager missions to the outer planets involve: (1) the use of the radio links to and from the spacecraft for occultation measurements of planetary and satellite atmospheres and ionospheres, the rings of Saturn, the solar corona, and the general-relativistic time delay for radiowave propagation through the Sun's gravity field; (2) radio link measurements of true or apparent spacecraft motion caused by the gravity fields of the planets, the masses of their larger satellites, and characteristics of the interplanetary medium; and (3) related measurements which could provide results in other areas, including the possible detection of long-wavelength gravitational radiation propagating through the Solar System. The measurements will be used to study: atmospheric and ionospheric structure, constituents, and dynamics; the sizes, radial distribution, total mass, and other characteristics of the particles in the rings of Saturn; interior models for the major planets and the mean density and bulk composition of a number of their satellites; the plasma density and dynamics of the solar corona and interplanetary medium; and certain fundamental questions involving gravitation and relativity. The instrumentation for these experiments is the same ground-based and spacecraft radio systems as will be used for tracking and communicating with the Voyager spacecraft, although several important features of these systems have been provided primarily for the radio science investigations.

Keywords

Gravity Field Radiowave Radio Link Solar Corona Gravitational Radiation 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson, J. D.: 1976, ‘The Gravity Field of Jupiter’ in T. Gehrels (ed.), Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, p. 113.Google Scholar
  2. Anderson, J. D., Esposito, P. B., Martin, W., Thornton, C. L., and Muhleman, D. O.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 200, 221.Google Scholar
  3. Anderson, J. D., Hubbard, W. B., and Slattery, W. L.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 193, L149.Google Scholar
  4. Anderson, J. D., Null, G. W., and Wong, S. K.: 1974, J. Geophys. Res. 79, 3661.Google Scholar
  5. Chang, H.: 1976, Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, California.Google Scholar
  6. Colin, L. and Hunten, D. M. (eds): 1977, Space Sci. Rev. 20, 451.Google Scholar
  7. Croft, T. A.: 1976, Radio Sci. 11, 629.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Croft, T. A.: 1971, Radio Sci. 6, 55.Google Scholar
  9. Eshleman, V. R.: 1975, Science 189, 876.Google Scholar
  10. Eshleman, V. R.: 1974, ‘The Mariner Jupiter/Saturn Ring Occultation Experiment’ in F. D. Palluconi and G. H. Pettengill (eds.) The Rings of Saturn, NASA Sp-343.Google Scholar
  11. Eshleman, V. R.: 1973, Planet. Space Sci. 71, 1521.Google Scholar
  12. Eshleman, V. R.: 1965, ‘Radar Astronomy of Solar System Plasmas’ in J. Aarons (ed.), Solar System Radio Astronomy, Plenum Press, New York, 267.Google Scholar
  13. Eshleman, V. R. and Haugstad, B. S.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 214, 928.Google Scholar
  14. Estabrook, F. B. and Wahlquist, H. D.: 1976, paper A75-47 presented at 27th IAF Congress.Google Scholar
  15. Estabrook, F. B. and Wahlquist, H. D.: 1975, General Relativity and Gravitation 6, 439.Google Scholar
  16. Fjeldbo, G. and Eshleman, V. R.: 1968, Planet. Space Sci. 16, 1035.Google Scholar
  17. Fjeldbo, G. and Eshleman, V. R.: 1965, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3217.Google Scholar
  18. Fjeldbo, G., Eshleman, V. R., Gariott, O. K., and Smith, F. L., III: 1965, J. Geophys. Res. 70, 3701.Google Scholar
  19. Fjeldbo, G., Kliore, A. J., and Eshleman, V. R.: 1971, Astron. J. 76, 123.Google Scholar
  20. Fjeldbo, G., Kliore, A., Seidel, B., Sweetnam, D., and Woiceshyn, P.: 1976, ‘The Pioneer 11 Radio Occultation Measurements of the Jovian Ionosphere’, in T. Gehrels (ed.) Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, 238.Google Scholar
  21. Goldstein, R. M., Green, R. R., Pettengill, G. H., and Campbell, D. B.: 1977, Icarus 30, 104.Google Scholar
  22. Haugstad, B. S.: 1977, ‘Turbulence in Planetary Occultations: I. A Theoretical Formulation’, submitted to Icarus.Google Scholar
  23. Howard, H. T., Tyler, G. L., and Croft, T. A.: 1975, ‘Corona Electron Concentration and Radio Scintillations Measured with the Mariner 10 Radio System’, presented at 18th COSPAR, Varna, Bulgaria.Google Scholar
  24. Howard, H. T., Tyler, G. L., Fjeldbo, G., Kliore, A. J., Levy, G. S., Brunn, D. I., Dickinson, R., Edelson, B. E., Martin, W. L., Stelzried, C. T., Sweetnam, D. N., Zygielbaum, A. I., Esposito, P. B., Anderson, J. D., Shapiro, I. I., and Reasenberg, R. D.: 1974, Science 183, 1297.Google Scholar
  25. Hubbard, W. B., Hunten, D. M., and Kliore, A. J.: 1975, Geophys. Res. Letters 2, 265.Google Scholar
  26. Hubbard, W. B. and Jokipii, J. R.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, L193.Google Scholar
  27. Hubbard, W. B. and Slattery, W. L.: 1976, ‘Interior Structure of Jupiter: Theory of Gravity Sounding’, in T. Gehrels (ed.), Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, 176.Google Scholar
  28. Hundhausen, A. J.: 1972, in Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer Verlag, New York, 27.Google Scholar
  29. Hunten, D. M. (ed.): 1974, The Atmosphere of Titan, NASA Sp-340.Google Scholar
  30. Kliore, A. J., Cain, D. L., Levy, G. S., Eshleman, V. R., Drake, F. D., and Fjeldbo, G.: 1965, Astronautics and Aeronautics, July, 72.Google Scholar
  31. Kliore, A. J. and Woiceshyn, P. M.: 1976, ‘Structure of the Atmosphere of Jupiter from Pioneer 10 and 11 Occultation Measurements’ in T. Gehrels (ed.), Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, 216.Google Scholar
  32. Lewis, J. S.: 1971a, Science 172, 1127.Google Scholar
  33. Lewis, J. S.: 1971b, Icarus 15, 174.Google Scholar
  34. Marouf, E. A.: 1975, Dissertation, Stanford Univ. Stanford, California.Google Scholar
  35. Newburn, R. L. and Gulkis, S.: 1973, Space Sci. Rev. 14, 179.Google Scholar
  36. Nordtvedt, K., Jr.: 1968a, Phys. Rev. 169, 1014.Google Scholar
  37. Nordtvedt, K., Jr.: 1968b, Phys. Rev. 170, 1186.Google Scholar
  38. Podolak, M. and Cameron, A. G. W.: 1974, Icarus 22, 123.Google Scholar
  39. Pollack, J. B.: 1973, Icarus 20, 263.Google Scholar
  40. Shapiro, I. I.: 1964, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 789.Google Scholar
  41. Shapiro, I. I., Ash, M. E., Ingalls, R. P., Smith, W. B., Campbell, D. B., Dyce, R. B., Jrgens, R. F., and Pettengill, G. H.: 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1132.Google Scholar
  42. Shapiro, I. I., Counselman, C. C., III, and King, R. W.: 1976, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Stevenson, D. J. and Salpeter, E. E.: 1976, ‘Interior Models of Jupiter’ in T. Gehrels (ed.), Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, 238.Google Scholar
  44. Thirring, H.: 1918, Z. Phys. 19, 33.Google Scholar
  45. Thorne, K. S.: 1977, Astrophys. J., in press.Google Scholar
  46. Thorne, K. S. and Braginsky, V. B.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 204, L1.Google Scholar
  47. Tyler, G. L., Brenkle, J. P., Komarek, T. A., and Zygielbaum, A. I.: 1977, J. Geophys. Res., in press.Google Scholar
  48. Vessot, R. F. C: 1974, ‘Lectures on Frequency Stability and Clocks and on the Gravitational Red-Shift Experiment’ in B. Bertotti (ed.), Experimental Gravitation, Academic Press, New York, p. 111.Google Scholar
  49. Will, C. W.: 1974, ‘The Theoretical Tools of Experimental Gravitation’ in Bertotti (ed.), Experimental Gravitation, Academic Press, New York, 1.Google Scholar
  50. Williams, J. G., Dicke, R. H., Bender, P. L., Alley, C. O., Carter, W. E., Currie, D. G., Eckhardt, D. H., Faller, J. D., Kaula, W. M., Mulholland, J. D., Plotkin, H. H., Poultney, S. K., Shelus, P. J., Silverberg, E. C., Sinclair, W. S., Slade, M. A., and Wilkinson, D. T.: 1976, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 551.Google Scholar
  51. Young, A. T.: 1976, Icarus 27, 335.Google Scholar
  52. Zharkov, V. N. and Trubitsyn, V. P.: 1976, ‘Structure, Composition, and Gravitational Field of Jupiter’ in T. Gehrels (ed.), Jupiter, U. Ariz. Press, Tucson, 133.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© D. Reidel Publishing Company 1977

Authors and Affiliations

  • V. R. Eshleman
    • 1
  • G. L. Tyler
    • 1
  • J. D. Anderson
    • 2
  • G. Fjeldbo
    • 2
  • G. S. Levy
    • 2
  • G. E. Wood
    • 2
  • T. A. Croft
    • 3
  1. 1.Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA
  2. 2.Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUSA
  3. 3.Radio Physics Laboratory, Stanford Research InstituteMenlo ParkUSA

Personalised recommendations