Clinical & Experimental Metastasis

, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp 3–11 | Cite as

Metastatic colorectal cancer cells induce matrix metalloproteinase release by human monocytes

  • Carol J. Swallow
  • Melissa P. Murray
  • José G. Guillem
Research Papers
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) facilitate tumor invasion and metastasis via basement membrane degradation. In colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens, MMP production is largely stromal in origin, implicating monocytes (Mϕs) and fibroblasts. We hypothesize that CRC cells induce stromal cell MMP production. This study examines the differential effect of metastatic and non-metastatic CRC cells on Mϕ MMP production. The human Mϕ line THP-1 was co-cultured with either a non-metastatic human CRC cell line (SW620-P) or a metastatic clone (SW620-S5) established by serial cecal transplantation of SW620-P in nude mice. Conditioned medium MMP activity and cellular MMP mRNA expression were assessed by gelatinase zymography and Northern blot analysis, respectively. Neither CRC line released MMP-2 or MMP-9. Isolated THP-1 Mϕs produced basal levels of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. The level of MMP-9 activity was increased moderately by co-culture of Mϕs with the metastatic SW620-S5 clone, but decreased by the non-metastatic SW620-P cells. MMP-2 activity was greatly augmented by co-culturing Mϕs with SW620-S5 cells, but was not affected by SW620-P cells. The stimulatory effect of SW620-S5 cells on MMP-2 secretion was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Both isolated and co-cultured (Mϕs) expressed MMP-2 mRNA while SW620-S5 cells under similar conditions did not, implicating Mϕs as the source of increased MMP-2 activity. Since the induction of MMP-2 activity was not associated with a parallel increase in Mϕ MMP-2 mRNA, the modulation of Mϕ MMP-2 release appears to be post-transcriptionally regulated. Metastatic CRC cells are distinct from non-metastatic cells in their ability to induce Mϕ MMP release. This observation emphasizes the role of Mϕ-derived MMPs in facilitating CRC invasion and metastasis and suggests modulation of stromal cell MMP production by CRC cells in a paracrine fashion.

Keywords

colorectal cancer metalloproteinase metastasis monocyte/macrophage 
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Copyright information

© Rapid Science Publishers 1996

Authors and Affiliations

  • Carol J. Swallow
    • 1
  • Melissa P. Murray
    • 1
  • José G. Guillem
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUSA

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