Turbulent transfer at the ground: On verification of a simple predictive model
- 75 Downloads
- 14 Citations
Abstract
Observations on heat transfer from ground-based plates and evaporation from free water surfaces in the laboratory and in the field are compared with predictions from a simple model. The model relates the convective transfer coefficient (or boundary-layer resistance) at any point on a surface to the momentum transfer (friction velocity) in the boundary layer immediately above it and should be applicable to practically any soil surface, open or vegetated.
Heat-transfer data showed a standard deviation of 25%; between predictions and observations. Evaporation data provided only order-of-magnitude confirmation of the model because of uncertainty in effective water vapor density above small free-water surfaces.
Keywords
Heat Transfer Boundary Layer Water Vapor Transfer Coefficient Predictive ModelPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Allen, L. H., Jr.: 1975, ‘Line Source Carbon Dioxide Release, III: Predictions by a Two-dimensional Diffusion Model’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 39–79.Google Scholar
- Johnson, C. E., Biscoe, P. V., Clark, J. A., and Littleton, E. J.: 1976, ‘Turbulent Transfer in a Barley Canopy’, Agric. Meteorol. 16, 17–35.Google Scholar
- Legg, B. J. and Long, I. F.: 1975, ‘Turbulent Diffusion within a Wheat Canopy. II: Results and Interpretation’, Quart J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 101, 611–628.Google Scholar
- Monteith, J. L.: 1963, ‘Gas Exchange in Plant Communities’ in Environmental Control of Plant Growth, Academic Press, 141 pp.Google Scholar
- Perrier, A.: 1975a, ‘Etude physique de l'evapotranspiration dans les conditions naturelles. I: evaporation et bilan d'energie des surfaces naturelles’, Ann. Agron. 26, 1–18.Google Scholar
- Perrier, A.: 1975b, ‘Etude physique de l'evapotranspiration dans les conditions naturelles. III: evapotranspiration réelle et potentielle des couverts végétaux’, Ann. Agron. 26, 229–243.Google Scholar
- Perrier, A., Itier, B., Bertolini, J. M., and Katerji, N.: 1976, ‘A New Device for Continuous Recording of the Energy Balance of Natural Surfaces’, Agric. Meteorol. 16, 71–84.Google Scholar
- Schuepp, P. H.: 1973, ‘Model Experiments of Free-Convection Heat and Mass Transfer of Leaves and Plant Elements’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 3, 454–467.Google Scholar
- Schuepp, P. H. and White, K. D.: 1975, ‘Transfer Processes in Vegetation by Electrochemical Analog’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 335–358.Google Scholar
- Sinclair, T. R., Allen, L. H., Jr., and Lemon, E. R.: 1975, ‘An Analysis of Errors in the Calculation of Energy Flux Densities above Vegetation by a Bowen-Ratio Profile Method’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 8, 129–139.Google Scholar
- Thom, A. S.: 1971, ‘Momentum Absorption by Vegetation’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 97, 414–428.Google Scholar
- Thornthwaite, C. W. and Holzman, B.: 1942, ‘Measurement of Evaporation from Land and Water Surfaces’, U.S. Dept. Agric. Techn. Bull. 817. (Quoted by Perrier (1975b).Google Scholar
- Wragg, A. A. and Loomba, R. P.: 1970, ‘Free Convection Flow Patterns at Horizontal Surfaces with Ionic Mass Transfer’, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 13, 439–442.Google Scholar