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Adipokine update – neue Moleküle, neue Funktionen

Adipokine update – new molecules, new functions

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Summary

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide. Recent research findings show that adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ, which is involved in many physiological processes. These metabolic processes are influenced by products of the adipose tissue, so-called adipokines, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the two major fat depots – intraabdominal and subcutaneous – differ in their ability to secrete adipokines. In recent years the importance of the association between intraabdominal fat and the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia was recognized. Therefore, accumulation of visceral adipose tissue contributes due to its ability to secrete a different pattern of adipokines to increased morbidity and mortality. This review aims to characterize novel, newly recognized adipokines and to discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, as well as other metabolic complications.

Zusammenfassung

Die Adipositasprävalenz ist ein weltweit fortschreitendes Problem. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Fettgewebe zunehmend als ein endokrines Organ, welches aktiv in viele physiologische Abläufe eingreift, anzusehen ist. Diese Produkte des Fettgewebes, so genannte Adipokine, spielen in der Pathogenese des metabolischen Syndroms und kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen eine wesentliche Rolle. Weiters unterscheiden sich die zwei hauptsächlichen Fettdepots – das subkutane und das viszerale Fett – in ihrer Fähigkeit Adipokine zu sezernieren. In den rezenten Jahren wurde die Wichtigkeit der Verbindung zwischen viszeralem Fett und der Entwicklung einer Insulinresistenz, eines Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und einer Dyslipidämie erkannt. Deshalb ist die Akkumulation von viszeralem Fett, das ein anderes Muster an Adipokinen sezerniert, mit einer erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate assoziiert. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über neue, erst kürzlich charakterisierte Adipokine geben und ihre Rolle in der Pathogenese der Insulinresistenz, der Entwicklung der Atherosklerose, sowie weiterer metabolischer Komplikationen diskutieren.

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Gelsinger, C., Tschoner, A., Kaser, S. et al. Adipokine update – neue Moleküle, neue Funktionen. Wien Med Wochenschr 160, 377–390 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-010-0781-6

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