Abstract
The current research aimed to investigate both the tolerance and the phytoremediation potential of Desmodium incanum DC. on petroleum-contaminated soil. There were analyzed D. incanum seeds germination, surviving, growth and development cultivated at different contaminants concentrations as well as the pollutant degradation rate by gas chromatography and rhizosphere community. The experiment was carried out on a greenhouse containing non-contaminated soil (NCS), vegetated contaminated soil (VCS) and non-vegetated contaminated soil (NVCS) at the following petroleum concentrations (petroleum per of dry soil): 50 g kg-1 and 100 g kg-1. The experiments were performed during 90 days. The germination was more evident as it was observed higher petroleum concentrations. After 90 days, the surviving rate of the both groups 100%, and the soil samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. The VCS (100 g kg-1) group growth was reduced when compared to the NVCS (100 g kg-1). The petroleum influenced the morph anatomy and development of the plant. Significant increases in the total area, cortical and central cylinder of the roots in the contamination presence. The plant provided the development of larger amounts of microorganisms in the rhizosphere zone, and higher petroleum compounds degradation, confirming their potential phytoremediation for soils contaminated by petroleum.
Resumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la tolerancia y el potencial de la fitorremediación de Desmodium incanum DC., en un suelo contaminado de petróleo. Se analizaron la germinación de las semillas de D. incanum, supervivencia, crecimiento y desarrollo de cultivo a diferentes concentraciones del petróleo, así como la tasa de degradación de contaminantes por cromatografía de gases y la comunidad rizosfera. El experimento se llevó a casa del invernadero que contiene los tratamientos con suelo no contaminado (NCS), con vegetación de suelos contaminados (VCS) y sin vegetación en suelos contaminados (NVCS) en las siguientes concentraciones de petróleo (petróleo por suelo seco): 50 g kg-1 y 100 g kg-1. Los experimentos se realizaron durante 90 días.
La germinación fue más evidente en las concentraciones de petróleo más altos. Después de 90 días, la tasa de sobrevivencia de los grupos de ambas fueron del 100%, y después las muestras de suelo se extrajeron y analizaron por cromatografía de gases. El VCS (100 g kg-1) presentó crecimiento redujo en comparación con el NVCS (100 g kg-1). El petróleo influyó en la morfo-anatomía y desarrollo de la planta. Se observó aumentos significativos en la superficie total, cilindro cortical y central de las raíces en la presencia de contaminación. El desarrollo de las plantas en los suelos contaminados por el petróleo, las grandes cantidades de microorganismos en la zona de la rizosfera, y una mayor degradación de compuestos de petróleo, lo confirma su potencial para la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados por el petróleo.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology and Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo (UP), for their assistance for carrying out the present work and Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the Scientific Iniciation grant and the Research Productivity grant, respectively.
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1Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
2Master Program of Industrial Biotechnology and Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
*Autor de correspondência: rafaelkitamura@hotmail.com
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Kitamura, R., Maranho, L. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil using Desmodium incanum DC., Fabaceae. Rev Latinoam Biotecnol Ambient Algal 7, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.7603/s40682-016-0001-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7603/s40682-016-0001-1