Abstract
Various unicellular model plant systems, on which autofluorescence, fluorescence after histochemical treatment, and growth rates were investigated, have been proposed as bioindicators of ozone. Analysis is performed using fluorescent microscopy in different modifications, including microspectrofluorimetry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. It is found that low ozone doses (0.005 μLL−1 for 2.5-h exposure or 0.008 μLL−1 for 4-h exposure) do not affect or stimulate autofluorescence of the samples. In addition, vegetative microspores and pollen retain their ability to germinate in an artificial medium, and their growth is even enhanced. Higher ozone concentrations lead to either a decrease in the emission intensity or a shift of peaks in the fluorescence spectrum. In particular, 16-h exposure of vegetative microspores of horsetail to ozone (total dose 0.032 μLL−1) leads to occurrence of a new peak in the wavelength range of 515 to 520 nm in their autofluorescence spectrum. Exposure to high (more than 0.1 μLL−1) doses gives rise to a similar peak in the spectrum of leaf secretory hairs of Raphanus sativus. The spectrum of leaf secretory hairs of Fragaria viridis exhibits a decrease in the emission intensity at wavelengths of 520 to 550 nm. Stress metabolites have been revealed by fluorescence at wavelengths from 460 to 480 nm after specific histochemical reactions for determination of catecholamines or histamine. After exposure in ozone to a total dose of 0.012 μLL−1, a significant increase in the amount of catecholamines and the histamine content was observed for pollen of Populus balsamifera. Higher concentrations of catecholamines (in comparison with control samples) are found in vegetative microspores of Equisetum arvense and pollen of Corylus avellana and Populus balsamifera after exposure in ozone to high doses (0.032 μLL−1), whereas a decrease in the catecholamine concentration was observed for pollen of Tulipa hybridum and Dolichothele albescens after this treatment.
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Roshchina, V.V., Yashin, V.A. & Kuchin, A.V. Microfluorescent analysis for bioindication of ozone on unicellular plant systems. Phys. Wave Phen. 23, 192–198 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X1503005X
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X1503005X