Abstract
Average long-term fields of geopotential gradients in the middle and upper troposphere and temperature gradients and geopotential Laplacian in the middle troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere in winter are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the distribution of the maximum values of gradients, the average long-term position of upper-level frontal zones and their axial lines was determined. Their spatial distribution is analyzed from the point of view of interaction between thermobaric fields over different regions of the globe. Average long-term parameters of upper-level frontal zones in the middle troposphere are presented. Average long-term fields of wind speed in the middle and upper troposphere are investigated. It is demonstrated that the zones of the maximum values of wind speed agree well with the position of separated upper-level frontal zones.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. P. Alisov, I. A. Berlin, and V. M. Mikhel’, A Course of Climatology, Part III: Climates of the Globe (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1954) [in Russian].
M. Kh. Baidal, “Basic Types of Atmospheric Circulation and Their Effects on the Weather in Kazakhstan,” Trudy KAZNIGMI, No. 9 (1955) [in Russian].
M. Kh. Baidal and D. G. Khanzhina, Long-term Variability of Macrocirculation Climate Factors (Gidrometeoizdat, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
V. I. Vorob’ev, Upper-level Frontal Zones in the Northern Hemisphere (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1968) [in Rus sian].
M. A. Duitseva and D. A. Ped’, “Determination of the Degree of Deformation of Planetary Upper-level Frontal Zone in the Northern Hemisphere,” Trudy Gidromettsentra SSSR, No. 62 (1970) [in Russian].
A. S. Zverev, Synoptic Meteorology (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1977) [in Russian].
Ts. A. Kanter, “Construction of Global Vertical Profiles of Isobaric Surfaces by the Area Method and Circulation Modeling,” in Problems of Climate and Weather in the Lower Volga Region (Saratov Univ., Saratov, 1976) [in Rus sian].
L. K. Kleshchenko and L. N. Aristova, “Planetary Upper-level Frontal Zone: Climatic Features Revealed as a Result of Observations and Modeling,” Trudy VNIIgMi-MTsD, No. 173 (2007) [in Russian].
Monitoring of General Atmospheric Circulation. The Northern Hemisphere. Reference Book, Ed. by R. M. Vil’fand and A. I. Neushkin (VNIIGMI-MTsD, Obninsk, 2012) [in Russian].
Kh. P. Pogosyan, General Atmospheric Circulation (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1959) [in Russian].
Kh. P. Pogosyan, Planetary Upper-level Frontal Zones in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1955) [in Russian].
O. A. Razorenova and I. I. Zveryaev, “Low-frequency Variability at 500 hPa in Northern Winter. I. Variance, Trends, Teleconnections, and Eddy Component,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 5 (1996) [Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., No. 5 (1996)].
Yu. B. Khrabrov, Method of Weather Forecasting for 3-7 days (Gidrometeoizdat, Moscow, 1959) [in Russian].
Yu. B. Khrabrov, “Basic Features of the Development of Synoptic Processes within Natural Synoptic Periods,” Trudy TsIP, No. 63 (1957).
F. Ayrault, F. Lalaurette, A. Joly, and C. Loo, “North Atlantic Ultra High Frequency Variability,” Tellus A, 47 (1995).
S. K. Gulev, T. Jung, and E. Ruprecht, “Interannual and Seasonal Variability in the Intensities of Synoptic Scale Processes in the North Atlantic Midlatitudes from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data,” J. Climate, 15 (2002).
E. Kalnay et al., “The NCEP/NCAR 40-year Reanalysis Project,” Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 77 (1996).
R. Kistler et al., “The NCEP-NCAR 50-year Reanalysis: Monthly Means CD-ROM and Documentation,” Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 82 (2001).
J. M. Wallace and D. S. Gutzler, “Teleconnection in the Geopotential Height during the Northern Hemisphere Winter,” Mon. Wea. Rev., No. 4, 109 (1981).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © O.A. Razorenova, 2016, published in Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 2016, No. 1, pp. 5–16.
About this article
Cite this article
Razorenova, O.A. Winter climatology of upper-level frontal zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol. 41, 1–9 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373916010015
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373916010015