Bioresources of Oats for Use in Selection for Phytoimmunity to Fungal Diseases in Kirov Oblast

Abstract

The aims of the research were immunological and selective analysis of oat bioresources from the VIR plant genetic resources gene bank collection and the search for effective sources of nonspecific resistance for selection under the natural provocative and infectious conditions of phytopathogen development. The research was carried out at the Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of the Northeast in Kirov oblast in 2017–2020. The soil of the experimental fields was sod–ash medium loamy on the eluvium of Permian clays. The meteorological conditions of the growing seasons had a favorable effect on the development of pathogenic fungi. The research material was 300 samples of film and naked oats. The gene pool was represented by samples from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, the United States, Canada, Bulgaria, Hungary, China, and other countries. During the immunological analysis, it was found that 36 samples were characterized by high resistance to red–brown spotting (the degree of damage to the disease did not exceed 10%) and its slow growth (slow rusting), 27 samples were resistant to fusarium panicle, and 100 samples had no symptoms of dusty smut. Thirteen samples were characterized by complex resistance to dust smut, panicle fusarium, and red–brown spotting: Vector, 363 AC M6, 351 AC M3 (Russia), Gosha (Belarus), MF9521-214, 100433-4, 100433-5, Y201-150-8-19, AJAY (United States), OAC PAISLEY, CDC DANCER, AC FRANCIS (Canada), Ozon (Germany). Samples combining resistance to biotic stressors with high indicators of economically valuable traits were identified: 120h2106 (grain size 598 g/L, weight of 1000 grains 39.8 g), 351 AC M3 (grain size 600 g/L and weight of 1000 grains 40.4 g), WERVA (grain weight per plant 1.63 g, weight of 1000 grains 41.2 g, productive bushiness 1.5 pcs.), Ozon (grain size 628 g/L, panicle lake content 30–46 grains), Bohun (grain yield up to 1058 g/m²), AC FRANCIS (grain size 594 g/L, weight of 1000 grains 39.2 g), AJAY (grain size 608 g/L, weight of 1000 grains 40.4 g).