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Experimental Study of Single Tracks Obtained from a Mixture of Ti and Al Powders with Variable Parameters of the Selective Laser Melting Process

  • PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND HEAT TREATMENT
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Abstract

In the course of this research, the effect of the laser scanning speed (vc) on the morphology of single tracks obtained from a mixture of Ti and Al powders in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1 in longitudinal and cross sections is studied. On the outer surface of the track, obtained at vc = 300 mm/s, droplets of splashed liquid are found, most likely caused by the release of gas bubbles that form due to the evaporation of more low-melting aluminum. With an increase in vc values up to 600 mm/s, a distortion of a single track along its length is observed. It is found that, with an increase in the speed of the laser beam, the tracks cease to be stable, and because of the significant Marangoni convection and the instability of the capillary liquid in the molten bath, “balls” are formed on the track surface. An increase in the laser speed leads to the appearance of pores, which are mainly concentrated in the formed balls, and they also influence the morphology of the track in the cross section, namely, the width, height of the track and the depth of penetration of the substrate. With an increase in the scanning speed from 300 to 900 mm/s, practically no penetration of the substrate is observed, the track width decreases from 194 to 136 μm, and its height increases almost 4 times (from 21 to 88 μm). To assess the structure of the tracks under study, X-ray spectral microanalysis (MRSA) is carried out and maps of the distribution of elements are obtained. It is found that, at scanning speeds of 300 and 600 mm/s, the mixing of the liquid in the bath of the melt is insufficient, which leads to the segregation of elements over the cross section of the tracks. The central zone turns out to be enriched in aluminum, while titanium predominates at the base, and in the extreme zone it is practically absent (4.57 at % Ti). For vc = 900 mm/s, according to the MRSA data, the presence of unmelted particles of titanium powder are observed. The presumable reason for this may be insufficient laser power at such a high scanning speed.

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Funding

This study was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of scientific project no. 20-33-90077.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Technological University “MISiS”, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. P. Dolbachev & T. K. Hakobyan

  2. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia

    N. A. Belov & T. K. Hakobyan

Authors
  1. A. P. Dolbachev
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  2. N. A. Belov
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  3. T. K. Hakobyan
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Correspondence to T. K. Hakobyan.

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Dolbachev, A.P., Belov, N.A. & Hakobyan, T.K. Experimental Study of Single Tracks Obtained from a Mixture of Ti and Al Powders with Variable Parameters of the Selective Laser Melting Process. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 62, 539–544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221050047

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821221050047

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