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Synthesis Features, Structure, and Properties of Promising High-Temperature Ceramics in the Hf–Ta–B–Ti–Si System

  • REFRACTORY, CERAMIC, AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
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This study covers the elemental synthesis features of Hf–Ta–B–Ti–Si ceramic materials used to obtain promising high-temperature ceramics and analyze its structure and properties. The macrokinetics of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are studied. Combustion temperature and velocity as a function of initial temperature are plotted. It is established that chemical interactions occurring in the liquid phase play a pivotal role in the combustion process. Structure and phase formation processes are studied using the stopped combustion front technique. The mechanism of phase formation in the combustion wave is determined. The primary crystals of hafnium, titanium, and tantalum diborides are precipitated from the super-saturated melt after the Si and Ti contact melting and B, Hf, and Ta dissolution in the melt through the reactive diffusion process. A two-phase structure consisting of complex solid solutions based on diboride and borosilicide is formed due to the similarity of the crystal lattices. Porous synthesis products of the specified composition are milled into powders with the required particle-size distribution for subsequent hot pressing (HP) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). It is found that specimens produced by HP, SPS, and SHS pressing feature a similar phase composition containing solid solutions based on diboride (Hf,Ti,Ta)B2 and borosilicide (Hf,Ti,Та)5Si3В. Specimens of ceramics produced using the above technologies for physical–mechanical testing are made. It is found that the hardness and elastic modulus of the (Hf,Ti,Ta)B2 solid solution are 2–3 times higher than that of (Hf,Ti,Ta)5Si3B borosilicide. Depending on the composition, the density of the ceramics varies from 8 to 6.5 g/cm3, which corresponds to a porosity of less than 5%. Temperature dependences of heat capacity and diffusivity are determined. The heat conductivity of ceramics produced by HP and SPS is 24.05 and 23.1 W/(m K), respectively.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Cand. Tech. Sci. N.A. Kochetov for help in carrying out the study of combustion parameters, Dr. Tech. Sci. M.I. Petrzhik for assistance in measuring mechanical properties, and Senior Researcher S.I. Rupasov for help in carrying out experiments on HP and SPS.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation as part of project no. 19-19-00117 “Conducting Fundamental Scientific Research and Exploratory Research by Individual Scientific Groups.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049, Moscow, Russia

    V. V. Kurbatkina, E. I. Patsera, D. V. Smirnov & E. A. Levashov

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  1. V. V. Kurbatkina
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  2. E. I. Patsera
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  3. D. V. Smirnov
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  4. E. A. Levashov
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Correspondence to V. V. Kurbatkina, E. I. Patsera, D. V. Smirnov or E. A. Levashov.

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Translated by Sh. Galyaltdinov

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Kurbatkina, V.V., Patsera, E.I., Smirnov, D.V. et al. Synthesis Features, Structure, and Properties of Promising High-Temperature Ceramics in the Hf–Ta–B–Ti–Si System. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 61, 691–703 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821220060140

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