Abstract
A review of methods for fabricating titanates of a perovskite-type structure and their doping with rare-earth elements is presented. The results of the scientific research of authors from different countries related to the study of the effect of doping titanates of the perovskite structure by rare-earth elements on their electromagnetic properties are discussed. The content of the work also includes information on the use of titanates of the perovskite-type structure in various industries. A comparative analysis of some morphological properties (particle size and structure) and electromagnetic characteristics (dielectric constant, Curie temperature, and modulus of longitudinal oscillations (d33)) of powders fabricated (and doped) by different methods is carried out by the example of barium titanate (BaTiO3). Procedures for fabricating BaTiO3 by various methods, such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, sol–gel, chemical deposition, and solid-phase sintering, are described. The results of studying the influence of the variation in process parameters (temperature, pH, composition of the initial mixture of materials, and concentration of reagents) on the phase, morphology, and formation rate of BaTiO3 particles during the hydrothermal synthesis (with the use of BaCl2, TiCl4, and NaOH as initial materials) are presented. The experiments on studying the influence of the microwave-radiation power during the solid-phase sintering of BaCO3 and TiO2 on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 are also presented. An analysis of fabrication methods of BaTiO3 and its doping by rare-earth elements results in the statement that the hydrothermal method and solid-phase sintering, including the application of the microwave radiation, are currently the most promising fabrication technologies of materials with the perovskite-type structure with specified properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Dogan, Fatih, Lin, Hong, Guilloux-Viry, Maryline, and Peña, Octavio, Focus on properties and applications of perovskites, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2015, vol. 16, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/16/2/020301.
Artini, C., Crystal chemistry, stability and properties of interlanthanide perovskites: A review, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2016, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.08.041.
Wei, T., Liu, H.P., Chen, Y.F., Yan, H.Y., and Liu, J.-M., Preparation, magnetic characterization, and optical band gap of EuTiO3 nanoparticles, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 257, no. 2, pp. 4505–4509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.112.
Oliveira, Larissa H., Savioli, de Moura, Julia Ana P., Nogueira, Icamira C., Li, Maximo S., Longo, Elson, Varela, Jose A., and Rosa, Ieda L.V., Investigation of structural and optical properties of CaTiO3 powders doped with Mg2+ and Eu3+ ions, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 647, pp. 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.226.
Sankovich, A.M., The mechanism of formation, thermal stability, and thermodynamic properties of cationically ordered perovskite-like layered oxides ALnTiO4 and A2Ln2Ti3O10 (A = Na, K, Ln = Nd, Gd)], Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. Dissertation, St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Gos. Univ., 2012.
Kravtseva, M.S., Synthesis and properties of thin epitaxial BiFeO3 films and solid solutions based on it, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. Dissertation, Moscow: Mos. Gos. Univ., 2008.
New MLCC technology for the production of large-size ceramic capacitors. http://kit-e.ru/assets/files/pdf/2009_06_12.pdf (accessed June 20, 2017).
Gridnev, S.A., Electrical properties of semiconductor ceramics based on barium titanate, Vestn. Voronezh. Gos. Tekh. Univ., 2012, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 57–61.
Vijatovic Petrovic, M.M., Grigalaitis, R., Ilic, N., Bobic, J.D., Dzunuzovic, A., Banys, J., and Stojanovic, B.D., Interdependence between structure and electrical characteristics in Sm-doped barium titanate, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, vol. 724, pp. 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.099
Anaraki, S., Thin-film capacitor based on strontium titanate formed by the sol–gel method, Mikroelektronika, 2015, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 476–480.
Tkach, Alexander, Amaral, Joao S., Amaral, Vitor S., and Vilarinho, Paula M., Dielectric spectroscopy and magnetometry investigation of Gd-doped strontium titanate ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2017, vol. 37, no. 6, June, pp. 2391–2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.02.011
Tkach, Alexander, Amaral, Joao S., Zlotnik, Sebastian, Amaral, Vitor S., and Vilarinho, Paula M., Enhancement of the dielectric permittivity and magnetic properties of Dy substituted strontium titanate ceramics, J. Alloys Compd.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.09.007
Electrical Properties of Un-Doped and Doped EuTiO3-Based Perovskites. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4064/1/University_of_Sheffield_-final_thesis-1.pdf (accessed June 24, 2017).
Daqing Wei, Yu Zhou, Dechang Jia, and Yaming Wang, Formation of CaTiO3/TiO2 composite coating on titanium alloy for biomedical applications, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2008, vol. 84B, no. 2, pp. 444–451. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30890
Manso, Miguel, Langlet, Michel, and Martinez-Duart, J.M., Testing sol–gel CaTiO3 coatings for biocompatible applications, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 447–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(02)00319-3
Better than silicon. http://spkurdyumov.ru/uploads//2015/08/luchshe-kremniya.pdf (accessed June 23, 2017).
Sahoo, Subhanarayan, Parashar, S.K.S., and Ali, S.M., CaTiO3 nano ceramic for NTCR thermistor based sensor application, J. Adv. Ceram., 2014, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-014-0100-6
Bekman, I.N. et al, Emanation-thermal analysis of perovskite, Radiokhimiya, 2004, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 272–279.
Paris, E.C., Espinosa, J.W.M., de Lazaro, S., Lima, R.C., Joya, M.R., Pizani, P.S., Leite, E.R., Souza, A.G., Varela, J.A., and Longo, E., Er3+ as marker for order–disorder determination in the PbTiO3 system, Chem. Phys., 2017, vol. 335, pp. 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.03.019
Zhu, J. and Thomas, A., Perovskite-type mixed oxides as catalytic material for NO removal. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2009, vol. 92, nos. 3–4, pp. 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.08.008
Zhu, J. and Chen, J., Perovskite-Type Oxides: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=23377 (accessed June 25, 2017).
Yanhua Zong, Kazuma Kugimiya, Koji Fujita, Hirofumi Akamatsu, Kazuyuki Hirao, and Katsuhisa Tanaka, Preparation and magnetic properties of amorphous EuTiO3 thin films, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2010, vol. 356, pp. 2389–2392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.05.014.
Fengfeng Chi, Yanguang Qin, Shaoshuai Zhou, Xiantao Wei, Yonghu Chen, Changkui Duan, and Min Yin, Eu3+-site occupation in CaTiO3 perovskite material at low temperature, Current Appl. Phys., 2017, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2016.10.018
Tatiana Martelli Mazzo, Ivo Mateus Pinatti, Leilane Roberta Macario, Waldir Avansi Junior, Mario Lucio Moreira, Ieda Lucia Viana Rosa, Valmor Roberto Mastelaro, Jose Arana Varela, and Elson Longo, Europium-doped calcium titanate: Optical and structural evaluations, J. Alloys Compd., 2014, vol. 585, pp. 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.174
Moreira, Mario L., Paris, Elaine C., do Nascimento, Gabriela S., Longo, Valeria M., Sambrano, Julio R., Mastelaro, Valmor R., Bernardi, Maria I.B., Andres, Juan, Varela, Jose A., and Longo, Elson, Structural and optical properties of CaTiO3 perovskite-based materials obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis: An experimental and theoretical insight, Acta Mater., 2009, vol. 57. no. 17, pp. 5174–5185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.019
Rath, M.K., Pradhan, G.K., Pandey, B., Verma, H.C., Roul, B.K., and Anand, S., Synthesis, characterization and dielectric properties of europium-doped barium titanate nanopowders, Mater. Lett., 2008, vol. 62, pp. 2136–2139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.033.
Sitko, D., Garbarz-Glos, B., Piekarczyk, W., Smiga, W., and Antonova, M., The effects of the additive of Eu ions on elastic and electric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics. Int. Ferroel., 2016, vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2016.1183413.
Geetha, P., Sarita, P., and Krishna Rao, D., Synthesis, structure, properties and applications of barium titanate nanoparticles. Int. J. Adv. Tech. Eng. Sci., 2016, vol. 4, spec. no. 01, pp. 178–187.
Shen Zhigang, Zhang Weiwei, Chen Jianfeng, and Jimmy Yun Low, Temperature one step synthesis of barium titanate: particle formation mechanism and large-scale synthesis, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 2006, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 642–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(06)60128-6
Liqiu Wang, Liang Liu, Dongfeng Xue, Hongmin Kang, and Changhou Liu, Wet routes of high purity BaTiO3 nanopowders, J. Alloys Compd., 2007, vol. 440 pp. 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.09.023
Baorang Li, Xiaohui Wang, and Longtu Li, Synthesis and sintering behavior of BaTiO3 prepared by different chemical methods, Mater. Chem. Phys. 2002, vol. 78, pp. 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00351-6
V. Raghavendra Reddy, Sanjay Kumar Upadhyay, Ajay Gupta, Anand M. Awasthi, and Shamima Hussain, Enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics prepared by microwave assisted radiant hybrid sintering, Ceram. Int., 2014, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 8333–8339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.01.039.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by N. Korovin
About this article
Cite this article
Cherepov, V.V., Kropachev, A.N. & Budin, O.N. Developmental Prospects of the Methods for Synthesizing Titanates of the Perovskite-Type Structure and Their Doping with Rare-Earth Elements. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 60, 18–26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821219010024
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821219010024