Abstract—
A hydrodynamic approach with a nonequilibrium equation of state is used to describe collisions between heavy ions with medium energies. The double differential cross sections for the production of subthreshold \({{\pi }^{0}}\) mesons and \({{\pi }^{ + }}\)mesons during collisions between various nuclei are calculated to develop this approach with the inclusion of nuclear viscosity effects. They are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
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D’yachenko, A.T., Mitropolsky, I.A. Production of Subthreshold Pions in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using a Hydrodynamic Approach with a Nonequilibrium Equation of State. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 84, 391–396 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873820040061
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873820040061