Abstract
We propose a rapid and simple method for determining penicillin antibiotics in medicines based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of penicillin–Methylene Blue associates and measuring the colorimetric characteristics of the extracts using a smartphone and specialized software. The values of colorimetric parameters in the RGB system are used as an analytical signal (Ar). We develop procedures for determining the concentration of penicillin G, penicillin V, oxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and nafcillin in drugs. The limits of detection and determination are 0.2 and 0.6–0.8 μg/mL, respectively. Using chemometric analysis shortens the analysis time and visualizes the data. The data array is processed by the principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and the k-means method using the XLSTAT software. Antibiotics of the penicillin series in tablet forms are identified and quantified by chemometric analysis. The calibration characteristics are linear with approximation reliability coefficients >0.99. The relative standard deviation of the results does not exceed 5%. The analysis time is 15–20 min.
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This study was carried out as part of the state funding of Vladimir State University and the Federal Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality.
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Translated by O. Zhukova
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Amelin, V.G., Shogah, Z.A. & Bolshakov, D.S. Microextraction-Colorimetric Determination and Identification of Penicillin Antibiotics in Medicines Using a Smartphone and Chemometric Analysis. Moscow Univ. Chem. Bull. 77, 163–170 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027131422030026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0027131422030026