Abstract
A modified electrode was developed by immobilizing poly(azure A) (pAA) onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode via the electropolymerization of azure A (AA). The pAA immobilized on the electrode exhibited redox response during cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The redox reaction obeyed the Nernst equation because of the involvement of H+ ions. In addition, the peak potential was shifted according to the solution pH. The shifts of the oxidation peak potential could be more easily observed using DPV than when using CV, indicating that the developed electrode could be useful as a pH sensor. This pH measurement method can be successfully applied in the pH range of 1 to 10 and can be successfully repeated more than 50 times.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Sato, T. Ono, K. Yoshida, and T. Ito, Electroanalysis, 2015, 27, 2272.
T. Minamiki, S. Tokito, and T. Minami, Anal. Sci., 2019, 35, 103.
T. Shimada, H. Yasaki, T. Yasui, T. Yanagida, N. Kaji, M. Kanai, K. Nagashima, T. Kawai, and Y. Baba, Anal. Sci., 2018, 34, 1347.
K. Sato, T. Kamijo, S. Takahashi, and T. Sato, Electroanalysis, 2018, 30, 2237.
B. P. Nadappuram, K. McKelvey, R. A. Botros, A. W. Colburn, and P. R. Unwin, Anal. Chem., 2013, 85, 8070.
K. Chaisiwamongkhol, C. Batchelor-McAuley, and R. G. Compton, Analyst, 2019, 144, 1386.
C.-M. Yanga, T.-W. Chiang, Y.-T. Yeh, A. Das, Y.-T. Lin, and T.-C. Chen, Sens. Actuators, B, 2015, 207, 858.
S. Pöller and W. Schuhmann, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 140, 101.
M. Amiri, E. Amali, A. Nematollahzadeh, and H. Salehniya, Sens. Actuators, B, 2016, 228, 53.
K. Watanabe, K. Sugiyama, S. Komatsu, K. Yoshida, T. Ono, T. Fujimura, Y. Kashiwagi, and K. Sato, Polymers, 2020, 12, 2328.
T. Sagara, J. Iizuka, and K. Niki, Langmuir, 1992, 8, 1018.
N. Leventis and M. Chen, Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2621.
L. Ning, X. Li, D. Yang, P. Miao, Z. Ye, and G. Li, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 8042.
T. Liu, Y. Luo, W. Wang, L. Kong, J. Zhu, and L. Tan, Electrochim. Acta, 2015, 182, 742.
K. Piwowar, A. Blacha-Grzechnik, R. Turczyn, and J. Zak, Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 141, 182.
T. Liu, Y. Luo, L. Kong, J. Zhu, W. Wang, and L. Tan, Sens. Actuators, B, 2016, 235, 568.
C. Chen and S. Mu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, 88, 1218.
K. Sato, M. Takahashi, M. Ito, E. Abe, and J. Anzai, Langmuir, 2014, 30, 9247.
K. Sato, M. Takahashi, M. Ito, E. Abe, and J. Anzai, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 7796.
D. Zhao, H. Tang, H. Wang, C. Yang, and Y. Li, ACS Sens., 2020, 5, 2177.
Q. Cheng and A. Brajter-Toth, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 4180.
H. Shiku, Anal. Sci., 2019, 35, 29.
Y. Takahashi, A. Kumatani, H. Shiku, and T. Matsue, Anal. Chem., 2017, 89, 342.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, which was partially supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 19K08663 and 16K08173) (K. W.) and (No. 20K06984) (K. S.).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sugiyama, K., Watanabe, K., Komatsu, S. et al. Electropolymerization of Azure A and pH Sensing Using Poly(azure A)-modified Electrodes. ANAL. SCI. 37, 893–896 (2021). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20P341
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20P341