Abstract
An automatic management system for nutrient solutions was constructed using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a K+-ion selective electrode (K+-ISE). The concentration of K+ was monitored by the K+-ISE. When the concentration of K+ fell to the threshold limit, an appropriate amount of a concentrated K+ solution was added to the hydroponic solution. The volume was also maintained at a constant level by addition of water. This system can be constructed simply and inexpensively without any computers and pumps.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Despommier, Sci. Am., 2009, 301, 80.
M. D. Sardare and S. V Admane, Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2013, 2, 299.
T. Coolong, Univeristy Kentucky Coop. Sxtention Serv., 2012, 1.
W. F. Gericke, Science, 1937, 85, 177.
A. Cooper, “The ABC of NFT. Nutrient Film Technique”, 1979, Grower Books.
W. W. Leonhardt and K. W. McCall, Hydroponics, 1914, Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service, Hawaii.
H. M. Resh, CRC Press, 2012.
D. Savvas and K. Adamidis, J. Plant Nutr., 1999, 22, 1415.
M. Rodriguez Santamaria and V. J. Flórez, Agron. Colomb., 2012, 30, 266.
P. G. Pardey, J. M. Alston, and V. W. Ruttan, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, 2010, Vol. 2, Elsevier, 939.
A. J. Cooper, Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam), Neth., 1975, 3, 251.
F. Benoit and N. Ceustermans, Acta Hortic., 2004, 633, 331.
B. Bernstein, Educ. Stud., 1975, 1, 23.
M. Jensen, Acta Hortic., 1999, 481, 719.
T. C. Paulitz and R. R. Bélanger, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 2001, 39, 103.
G. L. Barbosa, F. D. A. Gadelha, N. Kublik, A. Proctor, L. Reichelm, E. Weissinger, G. M. Wohlleb, and R. U. Halden, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2015, 12, 6879.
W. J. Albery, B. G. D. Haggett, and L. R. Svanberg, Biosensors, 1985, 1, 369.
N. G. Osmolovskaya, V. A. Novak, L. N. Kuchaeva, V. V Kurilenko, and K. N. Mikhelson, Portable Ion Selective Technique in Field Screening of Plants Pollution, 1997, Springer Netherlands.
H. J. Kim, W. K. Kim, M. Y. Roh, C. I. Kang, J. M. Park, and K. A. Sudduth, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2013, 93, 46.
G. Vardar, M. Altikatoğlu, D. Ortaç, M. Cemek, and İ. Işildak, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 2015, 62, 663.
H. J. Kim, D. W. Kim, W. K. Kim, W. J. Cho, and C. I. Kang, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2017, 140, 374.
W.-J. Cho, H.-J. Kim, D.-H. Jung, D.-W. Kim, T. I. Ahn, and J.-E. Son, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2018, 146, 51.
D.-H. Park, B.-J. Kang, K.-R. Cho, C.-S. Shin, S.-E. Cho, J.-W. Park, and W.-M. Yang, Wirel. Pers. Commun., 2011, 56, 117.
D. S. Domingues, H. W. Takahashi, C. A. P. Camara, and S. L. Nixdorf, Comput. Electron. Agric., 2012, 84, 53.
V. Palande, A. Zaheer, and K. George, Procedia Comput. Sci., 2018, 129, 482.
M. A. Saad, H. M. Abdelsamei, E. M. A. Ibrahim, A. M. Abdou, and S. A. El Sohaimy, Benha Vet. Med. J., 2015, 28, 210.
P. C. Hauser, D. W. L. Chiang, and G. A. Wright, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995, 302, 241.
J. Pick, K. Toth, E. Pungor, M. Vasak, and W. Simson, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1973, 64, 477.
Acknowledgments
The present study was supported by a donation from Mr. Nobuo Takeshige and by Ichimura Foundation for New Technology. The authors would like to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, K., Kitazumi, Y., Kano, K. et al. Construction of an Automatic Nutrient Solution Management System for Hydroponics-Adjustment of the K+-Concentration and Volume of Water. ANAL. SCI. 35, 595–598 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18A003
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.18A003