Abstract
Let F be a closed subset of ℝn and let P(x) denote the metric projection (closest point mapping) of x ∈ ℝn onto F in lp-norm. A classical result of Asplund states that P is (Fréchet) differentiable almost everywhere (a.e.) in ℝn in the Euclidean case p = 2. We consider the case 2 < p < ∞ and prove that the ith component Pi(x) of P(x) is differentiable a.e. if Pi(x) 6= xi and satisfies Hölder condition of order 1/(p−1) if Pi(x) = xi.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Abatzoglou: Finite-dimensional Banach spaces with a. e. differentiable metric projection. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 78 (1980), 492–496.
E. Asplund: Differentiability of the metric projection in finite dimensional metric spaces. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 38 (1973), 218–219.
J. Clarkson: Uniformly convex spaces. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 40 (1936), 396–414.
H. Federer: Geometric Measure Theory. Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften in Einzeldarstellungen 153, Springer, Berlin, 1969.
S. Fitzpatrick, R. R. Phelps: Differentiability of metric projection in Hilbert space. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 270 (1982), 483–501.
O. Hanner: On the uniform convexity of Lp and lp. Ark. Mat. 3 (1956), 239–244.
J. B. Kruskal: Two convex counterexamples: A discontinuous envelope function and a non-differentiable nearest point mapping. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 23 (1969), 697–703.
R. R. Phelps: Convex sets and nearest points. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 8 (1957), 790–797.
R. R. Phelps: Convex sets and nearest points II. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 9 (1958), 867–873.
Ju. G. Rešetnyak: Generalized derivatives and differentiability almost everywhere. Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 75(117) (1968), 323–334. (In Russian.)
A. Shapiro: Differentiability properties of metric projection onto convex sets. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 169 (2016), 953–964.
L. Zajíček: On differentiation of metric projections in finite dimensional Banach spaces. Czech. Math. J. 33 (1983), 325–336.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sjödin, T. On almost everywhere differentiability of the metric projection on closed sets in lp(ℝn), 2 < p < ∞. Czech Math J 68, 943–951 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21136/CMJ.2018.0038-17
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21136/CMJ.2018.0038-17
Keywords
- normed space
- uniform convexity
- closed set
- metric projection
- l p-space
- Fréchet differential
- Lipschitz condition