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Assessment of dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate using tape stripping and biological monitoring

  • Investigative Report
  • Published:
European Journal of Dermatology Aims and scope

Abstract

Background

Very little is known about the dermal uptake of isocyanates, and dermal exposure to isocyanates has been discussed as a factor involved in the induction of respiratory diseases.

Objectives

To investigate the dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate (4,4’-MDI).

Materials & Methods

Four volunteers were dermally exposed to 10, 25, 49 and 50 mg 4,4’-MDI, respectively, for eight hours. The exposed areas were tape stripped. Urine and blood were biologically monitored for 48 hours. Tape strips, plasma, and urine were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results

In total, 35-70% of the applied dose of 4,4’-MDI was absorbed by the skin. Very low fractions of applied dose were found in the tape strips. The 4,4’-MDA concentration in plasma and urine was low, but peaked in urine at 10-14 hours and plasma at 8-32 hours after exposure.

Conclusions

4,4’-MDI is readily absorbed by human skin. Only small fractions of 4,4’-MDI remain as such in the superficial skin layers. The amounts found in blood and urine were only small fractions of the total applied doses which indicates that very small amounts of 4,4’-MDI penetrate the skin and reach the blood stream. The dermal uptake and distribution of 4,4’-MDI is much slower compared to that associated with airway uptake. Our data strongly indicate that formation of 4,4’-MDA from 4,4’-MDI upon reacting with water in the skin can only occur to a very limited extent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

    Haneen Hamada, Magnus Bruze, Malin Engfeldt, Marléne Isaksson & Erik Zimerson

  2. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

    Ingrid Liljelind

  3. Lund University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

    Bo Jönsson, Håkan Tinnerberg & Christian Lindh

  4. Örebro University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden

    Sara Axelsson

Authors
  1. Haneen Hamada
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  2. Ingrid Liljelind
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  3. Magnus Bruze
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  4. Malin Engfeldt
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  5. Marléne Isaksson
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  6. Bo Jönsson
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  7. Håkan Tinnerberg
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  8. Christian Lindh
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  9. Sara Axelsson
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  10. Erik Zimerson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haneen Hamada.

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Cite this article

Hamada, H., Liljelind, I., Bruze, M. et al. Assessment of dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate using tape stripping and biological monitoring. Eur J Dermatol 28, 143–148 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2018.3247

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2018.3247

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