Skip to main content
Log in

Procedure for determining the strength to shear of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM CFRP

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The use of the near-surface mounted (NSM) technique in the strengthening of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures with carbon fiber-reinforced (CFRP) has proven to be effective for improving the shear strength and bending performance of RC beams. However, the analytical models available in the literature have not yet been sufficiently consolidated, and designers require an analytical method capable of designing RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP laminates. To address this limitation, a review of the analytical models for design and slip models for concrete-adhesive-CFRP bonding using the NSM technique was performed. A critical analysis was conducted to identify the limitations of the models, and then a procedure was proposed according to the assessed studies. Seventy experimental results for RC beams from seven works were used to evaluate the performance of the procedure, and the results were compared with four available analytical proposals. Variables such as the cross section of the laminates and failure modes were analyzed. The proposed procedure exhibited an average \({{{V}} \, }_{\text{f}}^{\text{ana}}/{{V}}_{ \, {\text{f}}}^{{\text{exp}}}\) ratio of 0.94, and higher accuracy compared to the available models. The laminate section (perimeter and area) affected the results, and the most common failure mode was related to the concrete substrate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dias SJE (2008) Investigação experimental e analítica no reforço ao corte de vigas de betão armado com a técnica da inserção de laminados de CFRP. Universidade do Minho, Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil

    Google Scholar 

  2. Arruda MRT, Firmo JP, Correia JR, Tiago C (2015) Numerical modelling of the bond between concrete and CFRP laminates at elevated temperatures. Eng Struct 110:233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Khalifa AM (2016) Flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with near surface mounted CFRP strips. Alexandria Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.01.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Firmo JP, Arruda MRT, Correia JR, Rosa IC (2017) Three-dimensional finite element modelling of the fire behaviour of insulated RC beams strengthened with EBR and NSM CFRP strips. Composite Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Jiangtao Y, Yichao W, Kexu H, Kequan Y, Jianzhuang X (2017) The performance of near-surface mounted CFRP strengthened RC beam in fire. Fire Saf J 90:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.04.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yu J, Liu K, Li L-Z, Wang Y, Yu K, Xu Q (2018) A simplified method to predict the fire resistance of RC Beams Strengthened with Near-Surface Mounted CFRP. Composite Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.03.035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Saadi NTK, Mohammed A, Al-Mahaidi R, Sanjayan J (2019) A state-of-the-art review: near-surface mounted FRP composites for reinforced concrete structures. Constr Build Mater 209:748–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. ACI Committee 440 (2017) Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures, ACI 440.2R-17 Farmington Hills, MI, USA: American Concrete Institute

  9. FIB (2019) Externally applied FRP reinforcement for concrete structures. Technical report Bulletin 90

  10. CAN/CSA-S806-12 (2017) Design and construction of building components with fibre-reinforced polymers

  11. CNR-DT 200 R1 (2013) Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing structures. Roma

  12. SIA166 (2004) Klebebewehrungen. (Externally bonded reinforcement). Schweizerischer Ingenieur- und Architektenverein SIA. Swiss

  13. WANG, X and CHENG, L. Bond characteristics and modeling of near-surface mounted CFRP in concrete. Composite Structures 255 0263–8223 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113011

  14. Cruz JR et al (2020) Bond behaviour of NSM CFRP laminate strip systems in concrete using stiff and flexible adhesives. Composite Struct 245:0263–8223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang SS, Teng JG, Yu T (2013) Bond–slip model for CFRP strips near-surface mounted to concrete. Eng Struct 56:945–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Siddika A, Mamun M, Ferdous W, Alyousef R (2020) Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs—a state-of-the-art review. Eng Failure Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Oehlers DJ, Haskett M, Wu C, Seracino R (2008) Embedding NSM FRP Plates for Improved IC Debonding Resistance. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:6(635)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rashid R, Oehlers DJ, Seracino R (2008) IC debonding of FRP NSM and EB retrofitted concrete: plate and cover interaction tests. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:2(160)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang SS, Teng JG, Yu T (2014) Bond strength model for CFRP strips near-surface mounted to concrete. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang SS (2018) Bond strength model for near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP bonded joints: effect of concrete edge distance. Compos Struct 201:664–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Haddad R, Al-Rabadi E (2020) Bond behavior between near-surface mounted fiber reinforced polymer strips and concrete using nonlinear finite element: a parametric study. J Adhes Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1852777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Experimental research and analytical formulation (2013) Dias SJE, Barros JAO (2013) Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM CFRP laminates. Compos Struct 99:477–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bianco V, Monti G, Barros JAO (2014) Design formula to evaluate the NSM FRP strips shear strength contribution to a RC beam. Compos B 56:960–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mofidi A, Cheng L, Chaallal O, Shao Y (2018) Shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM FRP—influencing parameters and a theoretical model. J Am Concrete Inst 327:311–3116

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bui LVH, Stitmannaithum B (2020) Prediction of shear contribution for the FRP strengthening systems in RC beams: a simple bonding-based approach. J Adv Concr Technol 18:600–617. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.18.600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Coelho MRF, Sena-Cruz JM, Neves LAC (2015) A review on the bond behavior of FRP NSM systems in concrete. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. de Lorenzis L, Teng JG (2007) Near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement: an emerging technique for strengthening structures. Compos B 38:119–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Cruz JS, Barros J (2004) Modeling of bond between near-surface mounted CFRP laminate strips and concrete. Comput Struct 82:1513–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cruz JMS, Barros JAO, Gettu R, Azevedo AFM (2006) Bond behavior of near-surface mounted CFRP laminate strips under monotonic and cyclic loading. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2006)10:4(295)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Seracino R, Jones NM, Ali MSM, Page MW, Oehlers DJ (2007) Bond strength of near-surface mounted FRP strip-to-concrete joints. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:4(401)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Seracino R, Saifulnaz MR, Oehlers DJ (2007) Generic debonding resistance of EB and NSM plate-to-concrete joints. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:1(62)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bianco V, Barros JAO, Monti G (2009) Bond model of NSM FRP strips in the context of the shear strengthening of RC beams. J Struct Eng 135(6):619–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bianco V, Barros JAO, Monti G (2010) New approach for modeling the contribution of NSM FRP strips for shear strengthening of RC beams. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/_ASCE_CC.1943-5614.0000048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mofidi A, Chaallal O, Cheng L, Shao Y (2015) Investigation of near surface-mounted method for shear rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced-polymer composites. J Compos Constr. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. De Lorenzis L, Nanni A (2001) Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with near-surface mounted fiber-reinforced polymer rods. ACI Struct J Tech Pap

  36. Islam AKM (2009) Effective methods of using CFRP bars in shear strengthening of concrete girders. Eng Struct 31:709–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.11.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. ACI Committee 440 (2015) Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, ACI 440.1R-15. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA

  38. Harajli M, Abouniaj M (2010) Bond performance of GFRP bars in tension: experimental evaluation and assessment of ACI 440 guidelines. J Compos Constr 14(6):659–668. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Shomali A, Mostofinejad D, Esfahani MR (2020) Effective strain of CFRP in RC beams strengthened in shear with NSM reinforcements. Structures 23:635–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.10.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kotynia R (2010) Efficiency of RC T-section beams shear strengthening with NSM FRP reinforcement. In: CICE 2010—the 5th international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering. September 27–29, 2010, Beijing, China

  41. Al-Rjoub YS, Ashteyat AM, Obaidat YT, Bani-Youniss S (2019) Shear strengthening of RC beams using near surface mounted carbon fibre-reinforced polymers. Aust J Struct Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2019.1565617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Barros JAO, Dias SJE (2006) Near surface mounted CFRP laminates for shear strengthening of concrete beams. Univ. of Minho, Azurém, 4810–058 Guimarães, Portugal

  43. Cisneros D, Arteaga A, De Diego A, Alzate A (2012) Experimental study on NSM FRP shear retrofitting of RC beams. In: Proceedings of 6th international conference on FRP composite materials for civil engineering, University of Roma, Rome

  44. Haddad RH, Almasaeid HH (2016) Recovering shear capacity of heat-damaged beams using NSM-CFRP strips. Constr Build Mater 105(2016):448–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rizzo R, de Lorenzis L (2009) Behavior and capacity of RC beams strengthened in shear with NSM FRP reinforcement. Constr Build Mater 23:1555–1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.08.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leonardo Medeiros da Costa.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

da Costa, L.M., do Rêgo Silva, J.J. & de Carvalho Pires de Oliveira, T.A. Procedure for determining the strength to shear of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM CFRP. Mater Struct 55, 97 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-022-01941-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-022-01941-9

Keywords

Navigation