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Nucleation of open framework materials: Navigating the voids

  • Nucleation in Atomic, Molecular, and Colloidal Systems
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Abstract

Research aimed at designing and optimizing open framework materials for commercial applications tend to focus on two critical objectives: identifying synthesis conditions that yield crystals with tailored physicochemical properties, and unlocking the untapped design space to achieve theoretical structures that far outnumber the list of synthetically realized materials. Accomplishing these goals requires detailed knowledge of nucleation in order to cultivate efficient, facile, and economical methods of controlling crystallization. The vast number of open framework materials that can be engineered through the judicious selection of inorganic or organic building units hold the promise for future discovery of materials with unique and superior properties compared to available porous materials. Herein, we review what is known about the nucleation of open framework crystals, highlighting the voids in our understanding of nucleation pathways, and we offer guidelines for advancing crystal engineering in this exciting area of research.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to W.R. Dichtel and M. Dincǎ for providing valuable information on COFs and MOFs. J.D.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Award 1151098), the Welch Foundation (Award E-1794), and the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DE-SC0014468). M.T. acknowledges support from the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DE-SC0001015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, USA

    Jeffrey D. Rimer

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, USA

    Michael Tsapatsis

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  1. Jeffrey D. Rimer
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  2. Michael Tsapatsis
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Correspondence to Jeffrey D. Rimer.

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Rimer, J.D., Tsapatsis, M. Nucleation of open framework materials: Navigating the voids. MRS Bulletin 41, 393–398 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.89

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