Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-performance composite with negative Poisson’s ratio

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article presents innovative work undertaken to evaluate the auxetic composite materials developed using weft-knitted fabrics with negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) produced from high-tenacity filaments of para-aramid (p-AR) and polyamide. The aim of this study is to develop polymeric composite materials reinforced with auxetic knitted fabrics and to evaluate the degree of transference of the auxetic behavior from the fibrous reinforcement to the composite produced. The results show that the NPR values remained in the composites. Regardless of the type of resin used, either epoxy or polyester, the highest values were obtained for samples produced with p-AR auxetic knitted fabrics. The NPR composites developed within this work present great potential for applications in industrial areas, including personal protection products, such as bulletproof vests, helmets, knee, and elbow protectors, and in all other areas where energy absorption is a key factor to be considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
FIG. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N.V. Padaki and R. Alagirusamy: Knitted preforms for composite applications. J. Ind. Text. 35, 4 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Ferreira, F. Ferreira, and M.C. Paiva: Textile sensor applications with composite monofilaments of polymer/carbon nanotubes. Adv. Sci. Technol. 12, 65 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. F.R. Oliveira, M. Fernandes, N. Carneiro, and A.P. Souto: Functionalization of wool fabric with phase-change materials microcapsules after plasma surface modification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128, 2638 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Araújo, R. Fangueiro, and H. Hong: Modelling and simulation of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics for technical applications—Part I: General considerations and experimental analyses. Autex Res. J. 3, 111 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  5. S.D. Pandita, D. Falconet, and I. Verpoest: Impact properties of weft knitted fabric reinforced composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62, 1113 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Ramakrishna: Characterization and modeling of the tensile properties of plain weft-knit fabric-reinforced composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 57, 1 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Chan and K.E. Evans: Fabrication methods for auxetic foams. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 5945 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Alderson and K.L. Alderson: Auxetic materials. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part G 221, 565 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Alderson and K. Alderson: Expanding materials and applications: Exploiting auxetic textiles. TTI 29 (2005).

  10. S.C. Ugbolue, Y.K. Kim, S.B. Warner, Q. Fan, C-L. Yang, O. Kyzymchuk, Y. Feng, and J. Lord: Engineered warp knit auxetic fabrics. J. Text. Sci. Eng. 2, 1 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  11. K.E. Evans and K.L. Alderson: Auxetic materials: The positive side of being negative. Eng. Sci. Educ. J. 148 (2000).

  12. K.L. Alderson and S.V. Ruth: Auxetic materials. U.K. Patent No. US 6,878,320 B1, April 12, 2005.

  13. V.R. Simkins, A. Alderson, P.J. Davies, and K.L. Alderson: Single fibre pullout tests on auxetic polymeric fibres. J. Mater. Sci. 40, 4355 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Q. Liu: Literature Review: Materials with Negative Poisson’s Ratios and Potential Applications to Aerospace and Defence; DSTO-GD-0472 (DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  15. F. Scarpa: Auxetic materials for bioprostheses. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 128, 125 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. Thill, J. Etches, I. Bond, K. Potter, and P. Weaver: Morphing skins. Aeronaut. J. 112, 117 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Prawoto: Seeing auxetic materials from the mechanics point of view: A structural review on the negative Poisson’s ratio. Comput. Mater. Sci. 58, 140 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J.R. Wright, M.K. Burns, E. James, M.R. Sloan, and K.E. Evans: On the design and characterisation of low-stiffness auxetic yarns and fabrics. Text. Res. J. 82, 645 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. T.A.A. Silva, T.H. Panzera, L.C. Brandão, C.H. Lauro, K. Boba, and F. Scarpa: Preliminary investigations on auxetic structures based on recycled rubber. Phys. Status Solidi B 249, 1353 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Pichandi, S. Rana, D. Oliveira, R. Fangueiro, and J. Xavier: Development of novel auxetiic structures based on braided composites. Mater. Des. 61, 286 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Miller, P. Hook, C. Smith, X. Wanga, and K. Evans: The manufacture and characterisation of a novel, low modulus, negative Poisson’s ratio composite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 69, 651 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. W. Miller, Z. Ren, C. Smith, and K. Evans: A negative Poisson’s ratio carbon fibre composite using a negative Poisson’s ratio yarn reinforcement. Compos. Sci. Technol. 72, 761 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Bhattacharya, G.H. Zhang, O. Ghita, and K.E. Evans: The variation in Poisson’s ratio caused by interactions between core and wrap in helical composite auxetic yarns. Compos. Sci. Technol. 102, 87 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G.H. Zhang, O. Ghita, and K.E. Evans: The fabrication and mechanical properties of a novel 3-component auxetic structure for composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 117, 257 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. ISO 2060. Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method, 1994.

  26. ISO 2062. Determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break using constant rate of extension (CRE) tester, 2009.

  27. ASTM Int. D7269/d7269M-11. Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns, 2011.

  28. ASTM Int.-D 3217-01a. Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations, 2001.

  29. M. Araújo, R. Fangueiro, and H. Hong: Modelling and simulation of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics for technical applications—Part IV: 3D FEA model with a mesh of tetrahedric elements. Autex Res. J. 4, 2 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  30. ISO 527-5. Plastics—Determination of tesile properties—Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites, 1997.

  31. H. Hu, Z. Wang, and S. Liu: Development of auxetic fabrics using flat knitting technology. Text. Res. J. 81, 1493 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Alderson, A. Alderson, S. Anand, V. Simkins, S. Nazare, and N. Ravirala: Auxetic warp knit textile structures. Phys. Status Solidi B 249, 1322 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Steffens, S. Rana, and R. Fangueiro: Development of novel auxetic textile structures using high performance fibres. Mater. Des. 106, 81–89 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. K.W. Lau and T. Dias: Knittability of high-modulus yarns. J. Text. Inst. 85, 173 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Caixa Postal 250, Brasília – DF 70040-020, Brazil, for the doctoral grant BEX 0978/12-4 and the Teijin Company for the TWARON® yarn.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, Textile Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 89065-300, Brazil

    Fernanda Steffens & Fernando Ribeiro Oliveira

  2. Center for Textile Science and Technology, School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal

    Carlos Mota & Raul Fangueiro

Authors
  1. Fernanda Steffens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fernando Ribeiro Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carlos Mota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Raul Fangueiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernanda Steffens.

Additional information

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Steffens, F., Oliveira, F.R., Mota, C. et al. High-performance composite with negative Poisson’s ratio. Journal of Materials Research 32, 3477–3484 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.340

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.340

Search

Navigation