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Surface induced orientation and vertically layered morphology in thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystallized from the melt

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Abstract

The presence of interfaces and geometrical confinement can have a strong influence on the structure and morphology of thin films of semicrystalline polymers. Using surface-sensitive grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy to investigate the vertical structure of thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystallized from the melt, we show that highly oriented crystallites are induced at the air/polymer interface and not as sometimes assumed at the interface to the substrate. These crystallites are oriented with their crystallographic a-axis perpendicular to the plane of the film. While the corresponding orientation dominates in thinner films, for sufficiently thick films (>60 nm) a layer containing unoriented crystals is present below the surface layer. Due to the anisotropic charge transport properties, the observed effects are expected to be of special relevance for potential applications of semiconductor polymers in the field of organic photovoltaics for which vertical transport in thicker films plays an important role.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the framework of the priority program SPP 1355 and the collaborative research center SFB/TRR 102. J.B. acknowledges financial support by the German Economy Foundation (sdw). Experiments were performed on beamlines DUBBLE/BM26B and ID 10B at the ESRF, Grenoble, France. We are grateful to Oleg Konovalev at the ESRF for providing assistance in using beamline ID10B.

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  1. Jens Balko

    Present address: Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany

  2. Ruth H. Lohwasser

    Present address: BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany

    Jens Balko & Thomas Thurn-Albrecht

  2. Zernike Institute for Adv. Materials, University of Groningen, NL-9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Guiseppe Portale

  3. Applied Functional Materials, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Ruth H. Lohwasser & Mukundan Thelakkat

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  1. Jens Balko
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Correspondence to Thomas Thurn-Albrecht.

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Balko, J., Portale, G., Lohwasser, R.H. et al. Surface induced orientation and vertically layered morphology in thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystallized from the melt. Journal of Materials Research 32, 1957–1968 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.107

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