Summary
A simple, sensitive, and stability-indicating thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)—densitometric method was developed for the assay of biomarker bergenin in the methanol extract of aerial parts of Flueggea virosa (FVME). Chromatography was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) plates with dichloromethane–methanol (8.5:1.5, v/v) as the mobile phase. Scanning and quantification were done at 220 nm. The system was found to give compact spot for bergenin at RF = 0.29 ± 0.01. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 = 0.998 with respect to area in the concentration range of 100–800 ng. The regression equation of bergenin was found to be Y = 8.708X + 51.017. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for bergenin were found to be 17.5 and 53 ng band−1, respectively. The percentage of bergenin was found to be 15.5% w/w in the FVME. Bergenin was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, photodegradation, dry heat, moist heat, and ultraviolet (UV) treatment for its stability studies. Treatment of bergenin with acid showed 21.25% degradation resulting in the formation of three degraded products at RF 0.01, 0.11, and 0.48, respectively. Bergenin showed 100% degradation with the formation of one degraded product appearing at RF 0.03 under alkali hydrolysis. Under hydrogen peroxide treatment, bergenin showed 17.76% degradation and the resultant degraded products appeared at RF 0.01 and 0.07. On treatment with dry heat, moist heat, photochemical, and UV (254 nm) light, bergenin showed no degradation products which suggested its stability under these conditions. The degraded products were found to be well separated from the pure drug. In this study, we report for the first time the quantification of bergenin in F. virosa by a validated HPTLC method. The stability study performed in this experiment may help in selecting or rejecting the in-process procedural conditions for making the formulation more efficacious and safe.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.O.C. Ezeonwumelu, A.N. Omar, A.M. Ajayi, A.G. Okoruwa, J.K. Tanayen, D.M. Kiplagat, O.A. Okpanachi, S. Abba, I. Ezekiel, A.N. Onchweri, C.O. Okonkwo, F. Byarugaba, Int. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 3 (2012) 128–135.
A.M. Chauke, L.J. Shai, P.M. Mphahlele, M.A. Mogale, Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 9 (2012) 426–430.
C. Clarkson, V.J. Maharaj, N.R. Crouch, O.M. Grace, P. Pillay, M.G. Matsabisa, N. Bhagwandin, P.J. Smith, P.I. Folb, J. Ethnopharmacol. 92 (2004) 177–191.
S. Monkodkaew, C. Loetchutinat, N. Nuntasaen, W. Pompimon, Am. J. Appl. Sci. 6 (2009) 1800–1806.
M.G. Magaji, J.A. Anuka, I. Abdu-Aguye, I. Abdu-Aguye, A.H. Yaro, I.M. Hussaini, Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 5 (2008) 147–153.
Y. Tanko, M.A. Okasha, G.M. Magaji, M. Yerima, A.H. Yaro, M.I.A. Saleh, A. Mohammed, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7 (2008) 22–24.
F. Freiburghaus, E.N. Ogwal, M.H. Nkunya, R. Kaminsky, R. Brun, Trop. Med. Int. Health 1 (1996) 765–771.
M.G. Magaji, A.H. Yaro, A. Mohammed, A.U. Zezi, Y. Tanko, T.Y. Bala, Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5 (2007) 2752–2757.
K. Dhalwal, V.M. Shinde, Y.S. Biradar, K.R. Mahadik, J. Food Compos. Anal. 21 (2008) 496–500.
A. Wibowo, N. Ahmat, A.S. Hamzah, A.S. Sufian, N.H. Ismail, R. Ahmad, F.M. Jaafar, H. Takayama, Fitoterapia 82 (2011) 676–681.
L. HwaKyung, K. HackSeang, C. HongSerck, O. SeiKwan, C. JongWon, J. Ethnopharmacol. 72 (2000) 469–474.
J. Zhang, Y. Nishimoto, H. Tokuda, N. Suzuki, K. Yasukawa, W. Kitdamrongtham, H. Akazawa, A. Manosroi, J. Manosroi, T. Akihisa, Chem. Biodivers. 10 (2013) 1866–1875.
R. Kumar, D.K. Patel, S.K. Prasad, D. Laloo, S. Krishnamurthy, S. Hemalatha, Fitoterapia 83 (2012) 395–401.
C.M. de Oliveira, F.R. Nonato, F.O. de Lima, R.D. Couto, J.P. David, J.M. David, M.B. Soares, C.F. Villarreal, J. Nat. Prod. 74 (2011) 2062–2068.
N. Nazir, S. Koul, M.A. Qurishi, M.H. Najar, M.I. Zargar, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 46 (2011) 2415–2420.
N. Nazir, S. Koul, M.A. Qurishi, S.C. Taneja, S.F. Ahmad, S. Bani, G.N. Qazi, J. Ethnopharmacol. 112 (2007) 401–405.
H. Song, J. Wang, R. Zhang, X. Liu, G. Yuan, C. Wei, W. Zhao, R. Li, B. Wang, R. Guo, Biomed. Chromatogr. 27 (2013) 1398–1405.
X. Sun, W. Huang, M. Ma, B. Guo, G. Wang, Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi 35 (2010) 2079–2082.
L.K. Song, W.M. Zhou, Zhongyaocai 30 (2007) 422–423.
X. Qin, D. Zhou, Z.R. Zhang, Y. Huang, Pharmazie 62 (2007) 323–326.
W. Yu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Lan, Z. Liu, J. Gu, J.P. Fawcett, J. Chromatogr. B. 877 (2009) 33–36.
J. Wang, B.J. Wang, C.M. Wei, G.Y. Yuan, R. Zhang, H. Liu, X.M. Zhang, R.C. Guo, Biomed. Chromatogr. 23 (2009) 199–203.
Y.B. Shi, Y.P. Shi, Q.G. Meng, Biomed. Chromatogr. 20 (2006) 1065–1070.
N. Srivastava, S. Verma, S. Pragyadeep, S. Srivastava, A.K.S. Rawat, J. Planar Chromatogr. 27 (2014) 69–71.
R. Dharmender, T. Madhavi, A. Reena, A. Sheetal, Pharm. Anal. Acta 1 (2010) 2–9.
S.K. Chauhan, S. Brijpal, A. Sudhakar, J. AOAC Int. 83 (2000) 1480–1483.
S. Srivastava, A.K.S. Rawat, J. Planar Chromatogr. 20 (2007) 275–277.
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Harmonised Triplicate Guideline on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, Recommended for Adoption at Step 4 of the ICH process on November 1996 by the ICH Steering Committee, IFPMA, Geneva.
D. Zhou, X. Qin, Z.R. Zhang, Y. Huang, Pharmazie 63 (2008) 366–371.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alam, P., Al-Rehaily, A.J., Siddiqui, N.A. et al. A Stability-Indicating Assay of Biomarker Bergenin in the Aerial Parts of Flueggea virosa by a Validated High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic—Densitometric Method. JPC-J Planar Chromat 28, 54–60 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1556/JPC.28.2015.1.9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/JPC.28.2015.1.9