Abstract
The effect of spraying speed (5, 8.5 or 12 km/h) on deposition quality of fungicide on a winter wheat head, yield, grain quality, occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grains was investigated in 2011 and 2012. Asymmetric double flat fan air-injector nozzles were used in the trial at a spraying pressure of 5.0 bars. A prothiconazole + tebuconazole fungicide mixture was used for spraying. An increase of spraying speed significantly lowered coverage values at the front and rear parts of a wheat head. At all three spraying speeds, the rear part of a wheat head reached a better coverage value. The effect of spraying speed was significant in 2011, when the 5 km/h spraying speed generated a significantly higher grain yield and a significantly higher thousand-grain weight in comparison with the other treatments. In both trial years, the lowest grain yield occurred on the unsprayed control. In 2011 and 2012, the latter also reached the lowest hectolitre weight and thousand-grain weight. In both trial years, the unsprayed control had a significantly higher DONcontent than the other treatments. In 2012, the DONcontent on the unsprayed control exceeded the allowed maximum level. The spraying speed did not affect the DON content in the grains. The effect of spraying speed was also noted in the FHB incidence. A significantly lower FHB incidence occurred at the 5 and 8.5 km/h spraying speeds.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blandino, M., Minelli, L., Reyneri, A. 2006. Strategies for the chemical control of Fusarium head blight: Effect on yield, alveographic parameters and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat grain. Eur. J. Agron. 25:193–201.
Blandino, M., Haidukowski, M., Pascale, M., Plizzari, L., Scudellari, D., Reyneri, A. 2012. Integrated strategies for the control of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Field Crops Res. 133:139–149.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 856/2005 of 6 June 2005. Official J. European Union.
Derksen, R.C., Paul, P.A., Ozkan, H.E. 2012. Field evaluations of application techniques for fungicide spray deposition on wheat and artificial targets. Appl. Engineering in Agric. 28:325–331.
Eyal, Z., Scharen, A.L., Prescott, J.M., van Ginkel, M. 1987. The Septoria Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT. Mexico, D.F., Mexico, 52 pp.
Groth, J., Tamburic-Ilincic, L., Schaafsma, A., Brûlé-Babel, A., Hartl, L. 2011. FHB resistance of winter wheat from Canada and Europe estimated across multi-environments after inoculation with two deoxynivalenol producing Fusarium species source. Cereal Res. Commun. 39:189–199.
Halley, S., Pederson, J., McMullen, M., Lukach, J. 1999. Sprayer modifications for enhanced control of Fusarium head blight with fungicides. In: Proc. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Sioux Fall, SD, USA, pp. 51–52.
Hart, P., vanEe, G., Ledebuhr, R. Uniform fungicide trial collaborative study 2001 — Michigan State University. In: Proc. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Erlanger, KY, USA, pp. 54–58.
Homdork, S., Fehrmann, H., Beck, R. 2000. Effects of field application of tebuconazole on yield, yield components and the mycotoxin content of Fusarium-infected wheat grain. J. Phytopathol. 148:1–6.
Hooker, D.C., Spieser, H., Schaafsma, A.W. 2004. Effective application of fungicides on wheat heads: What’s the best? In: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Fusarium Head Blight Incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar. Orlando, FL, USA, p. 330.
Hooker, D.C., Spieser, H., Schaafsma, A.W. 2005. Effective application of fungicides on wheat heads: What’s the best? In: Proc. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, WI, USA, p. 209.
Jones, R.K. 2000. Assessments of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in response to fungicide treatment. Plant Disease 84:1021–1030.
Knewitz, H., Koch, H. 2010. Was die neuen Düsen bringen (Characteristics of new nozzle types). DLG-Mitteilungen 3:68–71. (in German)
Lechoczki-Krsjak, S., Toth, B., Kotai, C., Martonosi, I., Farady, L., Kondrak, L., Szabo-Hever, A., Mesterházy, A. 2008. Chemical control of FHB in wheat with different nozzle types and fungicides. Cereal Res. Commun. 36:677–681.
McMullen, M., Halley, S., Pederson, J., Moos, J., Hofman, V., Panagrahi, S. 1999a. How spray nozzles, pressures, and gpa affect coverage and fungicide efficacy for Fusarium head blight control. Fargo, ND, USA. Phytopathol. 89:106.
McMullen, M., Halley, S., Pederson, J., Hofman, V., Moos, J., Panigrahi, S., Gu, D., Gregoire, T. 1999b. NDSU greenhouse studies: yield more tips for improved fungicide spraying for wheat/barley head scab control; Extension Report 56. Fargo, ND, USA, pp. 1–5.
McMullen, M., Lukach, J., McKay, K., Schatz, B. 2001. Wheat uniform fungicide and biocontrol trials. In: Proc. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Erlanger, KY, USA, pp. 67–69.
Mesterházy, Á., Bartók, T., Lamper, C. 2003. Influence of cultivar resistance, epidemic severity, and Fusarium species on the efficacy of fungicide control of Fusarium head blight in wheat and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain. Plant Disease 87:1107–1115.
Mesterházy, Á., Tóth, B., Varga, M., Bartók, T., Szabó-Hevér, Á., Farády, L., Lehoczki-Krsjak, S. 2011. Role of fungicides, application of nozzle types, and the resistance level of wheat varieties in the control of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol. Toxins 3:1453–1483.
Miedaner, T. 2012. Mykotoksine in Weizen und Mais. Fusarien erfolgreich vorbeugen (Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize. Efficient Fusarium control). DLG Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 88 pp. (in German)
Miller, P.C.H., Lane, A.G., Wheeler, H.C. 2002. Optimising fungicide application according to crop canopy characteristics in wheat. Project Report No. 277, HGCA, London, UK.
Parkin, C.S., Miller, P.C.H., Magan, N., Aldred, D., Gill, J., Orson, J.H. 2006. The deposition of fungicides on ears to control Fusarium ear blight and the mycotoxin contamination of grain. Aspects Appl. Biol. 77:445–452.
Ruden, B.E., Draper, M.A., Ruden, K.R. 2005. Sprayer nozzle configurations and effects on fungicide spray deposition on wheat heads. In: Proc. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, WI, USA, p. 230.
Ruden, B.E., Draper, M.A., Roden, R., Wittmeier, D.S., Thompson, S.M. 2007. Fungicide coverage of the wheat rachis, related fungicide movement and effective control of Fusarium head blight. Phytopathol. 97:164.
Vajs, S., Leskošek, G., Simončic, A., Lešnik, M. 2008. Comparison of effectiveness of standard and drift-reducing nozzles for control of some winter wheat diseases. J. Plant Diseases and Protection 115:23–31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Sreš, A., Trdan, S., Leskošek, G. et al. Effect of Spraying Speed on Head Coverage of Winter Wheat with Fungicide, Occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol, Yield and Grain Quality. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 43, 72–83 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.2014.0030
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.2014.0030