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Antimicrobial Activity of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles in Oral Infectious Disease

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Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis infections represent a health concern, mainly in oral diseases, in which treatments with chlorhexidine solution (0.2%) are often used; however, it presents high toxicity degree and several side effects. Based on this, the use of natural products as an alternative to treatment has been explored. Nonetheless, plant extracts have poor organoleptic characteristics that impair theirs in natura use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the analytical profile, biological activity, and cytotoxicity in vitro of S. brasiliensis–loaded chitosan microparticles (CMSb) produced using different aspersion flow rates. The analytical fingerprint was obtained by FTIR and NIR spectra. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to verify the similarity between the samples. The crystallinity degree was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phytochemical screening (PS) was performed to quantify phytocompounds. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antibiofilm activity and bactericidal kinetics against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and MB 146—clinical isolated) were also assessed. The hemolytic potential was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Data provided by FTIR, NIR, and PCA analyses revealed chemical similarity between all CMSb. Furthermore, the results from XRD analysis showed that the obtained CMSb present amorphous characteristic. Tannins and polyphenols were accurately quantified by the PS, but methodology limitations did not allow the flavonoid quantification. The low hemolytic potential assay indicates that all samples are safe. Antimicrobial assays revealed that CMSb were able to inhibit not only the E. faecalis ATCC growth but also the biofilm formation. Only one CMSb sample was able to inhibit the clinical strain. These results highlighted the CMSb antimicrobial potential and revealed this system as a promising product to treat infections caused by E. faecalis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza & Ana Cláudia Dantas de Medeiros

  2. Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco–Campus Arcoverde, Arcoverde, PE, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, Universidade de Pernambuco–Campus Garanhuns, São José, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

  4. Centro de Tecnologia em Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Cleildo Pereira de Santana

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil

    Lucas Amaral-Machado

  6. Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil

    Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte

  7. Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, PB, Brazil

    Francinalva Dantas de Medeiros

  8. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

    Germano Veras

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  1. Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza
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Sette-de-Souza, P.H., de Santana, C.P., Amaral-Machado, L. et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler Extract-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles in Oral Infectious Disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 21, 246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-020-01786-x

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