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Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Clearance and Liver Partitioning of OATP and OCT Substrates in Cynomolgus Monkeys

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Abstract

In the present investigations, we evaluate in vitro hepatocyte uptake and partitioning for the prediction of in vivo clearance and liver partitioning. Monkeys were intravenously co-dosed with rosuvastatin and bosentan, substrates of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), and metformin, a substrate of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). Serial plasma and liver samples were collected over time. Liver and plasma unbound fraction was determined using equilibrium dialysis. In vivo unbound partitioning (Kpu,u) for rosuvastatin, bosentan, and metformin, calculated from total concentrations in the liver and plasma, were 243, 553, and 15, respectively. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic monkey model that incorporates active and passive hepatic uptake was developed to fit plasma and liver concentrations. In addition, a two-compartment model was used to fit in vitro hepatic uptake curves in suspended monkey hepatocyte to determine active uptake, passive diffusion, and intracellular unbound fraction parameters. At steady-state in the model, in vitro Kpu,u was determined. The results demonstrated that in vitro values under-predicted in vivo active uptake for rosuvastatin, bosentan, and metformin by 6.7-, 28-, and 1.5-fold, respectively, while passive diffusion was over-predicted. In vivo Kpu,u values were under-predicted from in vitro data by 30-, 79-, and 3-fold. In conclusion, active uptake and liver partitioning in monkeys for OATP substrates were greatly under-predicted from in vitro hepatocyte uptake, while OCT-mediated uptake and partitioning scaled reasonably well from in vitro, demonstrating substrate- and transporter-dependent scaling factors. The combination of in vitro experimental and modeling approaches proved useful for assessing prediction of in vivo intracellular partitioning.

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Abbreviations

Clup :

Unbound active uptake clearance

Fu:

Unbound fraction

fucell :

Intracellular unbound fraction

Kp:

Total tissue partition coefficient

Kpu,u :

Unbound tissue partition coefficient

OATP:

Organic anion transporting polypeptide

OCT:

Organic cation transporter

PSdiff :

Unbound passive diffusion clearance

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.

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Author notes

  1. Bridget L. Morse

    Present address: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA

    Bridget L. Morse, Jamus G. MacGuire, Anthony M. Marino, Yue Zhao, Maxine Fox, Yueping Zhang, Hong Shen, W. Griffith Humphreys, Punit Marathe & Yurong Lai

  2. Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, 94404, USA

    Yurong Lai

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Contributions

Morse, Lai, Humphreys, Marathe, Shen, and MacGuire participated in research design. MacGuire, Fox, Zhao, Zhang, Marino, and Morse conducted the experiments. MacGuire, Morse, and Lai contributed new reagents or analytic tools. Morse, Lai, Zhao, and Marino performed data analysis. Morse, Lai, MacGuire, Marathe, Humphreys, Zhao, and Shen wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yurong Lai.

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Morse, B.L., MacGuire, J.G., Marino, A.M. et al. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Clearance and Liver Partitioning of OATP and OCT Substrates in Cynomolgus Monkeys. AAPS J 19, 1878–1889 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-017-0151-z

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