Skip to main content
Log in

Complexity and properties of a multidimensional Cat-Hadamard map for pseudo random number generation

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal Special Topics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method to extend the Cat map from 2-dimension to higher dimension using the fast pseudo Hadamard Transform, and the resulted maps are called Cat-Hadamard maps. The complexity and properties of Cat-Hadamard maps are investigated under the point of view for cryptographic applications. In addition, we propose a method for constructing a pseudo random number generator using a novel design concept of the high dimensional Cat map. The simulation results show that the proposed generator fulfilled all the statistic tests of the NIST SP 800-90 A.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V.I. Arnold, A. Avez, Ergodic Problems in Classical Mechanics (Benjamin, New York, 1968)

  2. G. Peterson, Arnold’s cat map, Math45-Linear algebra (1997)

  3. J. Fridrich, Symmetric ciphers based on two-dimensional chaotic maps, Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos. 8, 1259 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Lian, J. Sun, Z. Wang, Security analysis of a chaos-based image encryption algorithm, Physica A 351, 645 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Ye, K.-W. Wong, An efficient chaotic image encryption algorithm based on a generalized Arnold map, Nonlinear Dyn. 69, 2079 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Keyvanpour, F. Merrikh-Bayat, An effective chaos-based image watermarking scheme using fractal coding, Proc. Comput. Sci. 3, 89 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. W.K. Tang, Y. Liu, Formation of high-dimensional chaotic maps and their uses in cryptography, in Chaos-Based Cryptography (Springer, 2011), pp. 99–136

  8. M. Falcioni, L. Palatella, S. Pigolotti, A. Vulpiani, Properties making a chaotic system a good pseudo random number generator, Phys. Rev. E 72, 016220 (2005)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Kocarev, S. Lian, Chaos-based Cryptography (Springer, 2011)

  10. N. Masuda, K. Aihara, Cryptosystems with discretized chaotic maps, Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theo. Appl. IEEE Trans. 49, 28 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. F. Chen, X. Liao, K.-w. Wong, Q. Han, Y. Li, Period distribution analysis of some linear maps, Commun. Nonlin. Sci. Numer. Simul. 17, 3848 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Chen, K.-W. Wong, X. Liao, T. Xiang, Period distribution of the generalized discrete Arnold cat map for N = 2e, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theo. Acoustics Speech Signal Proc. 59, 3249 (2013)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. F.J. Dyson, H. Falk, Period of a discrete cat mapping, Amer. Math. Monthly 99, 603 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. F. Chen, K.-W. Wong, X. Liao, T. Xiang, Period distribution of generalized discrete Arnold cat map, Theor. Comp. Sci. 552, 13 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Bao, Q. Yang, Period of the discrete Arnold cat map and general cat map, Nonlinear Dyn. 70, 1365 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Svanström, Properties of a generalized Arnold’s discrete cat map, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35209, 2014

  17. S. Gao, A. Lauder, Hensel lifting and bivariate polynomial factorisation over finite fields, Math. Comput. 71, 1663 (2002)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. K.H. Sze, High-Dimensional Chaotic Map: Formulation, Nature and Applications, PhD dissertation, City University of Hong Kong, 2007

  19. J. Houlrik, M. Jensen, Theory and Applications of Coupled Map Lattices (Wiley, 1993)

  20. G. Grassi, S. Mascolo, A systematic procedure for synchronizing hyperchaos via observer design, J. Circ. Syst. Comput. 11, 1 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Nance, Periods of the discretized Arnold Cat map and its extension to n dimensions, arXiv:1111.2984 (2011)

  22. W. Just, Bifurcations in globally coupled map lattices, J. Stat. Phys. 79, 429 (1995)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Kelsey, B. Schneier, D. Wagner, C. Hall, Cryptanalytic attacks on pseudorandom number generators, in International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (Springer, 1998), pp. 168–188

  24. T. St Denis, Fast pseudo-Hadamard transforms, Tech. Rep., Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2004-010, 2004

  25. U. Schwengelbeck, F. Faisal, Definition of Lyapunov exponents and KS entropy in quantum dynamics, Phys. Lett. A 199, 281 (1995)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. H.V. Henderson, F. Pukelsheim, S.R. Searle, On the history of the Kronecker product, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 14, 113 (1983)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. A.N. Langville, W.J. Stewart, The Kronecker product and stochastic automata networks, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 167, 429 (2004)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. L. Kocarev, J. Szczepanski, J.M. Amigo, I. Tomovski, Discrete chaos-i: Theory, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 53, 1300 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. P.D. Powell, Calculating determinants of block matrices, arXiv:1112.4379 (2011)

  30. D.D. Wall, Fibonacci series modulo m, Amer. Mathematical Monthly 67, 525 (1960)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Ruelle, Chaotic Evolution and Strange Attractors, Cambridge Books Online (Cambridge University Press, 1989)

  32. D. Ruelle, Chaotic Evolution and Strange Attractors (Cambridge University Press, 1989)

  33. P. L’Ecuyer, Uniform random number generation, Annals Operations Res. 53, 77 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. L.E. Bassham III, A.L. Rukhin, J. Soto, J.R. Nechvatal, M.E. Smid, E.B. Barker, S.D. Leigh, M. Levenson, M. Vangel, D.L. Banks, et al., Sp 800-22 rev. 1a. a statistical test suite for random and pseudorandom number generators for cryptographic applications, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 2010

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thang Manh Hoang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim Hue, T.T., Hoang, T.M. Complexity and properties of a multidimensional Cat-Hadamard map for pseudo random number generation. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 226, 2263–2280 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60401-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2016-60401-7

Navigation