Abstract
A two-dimensional problem featuring the buoyancy-driven MHD nanofluid flow in a wavy trapezoidal enclosure is considered. The enclosure’s bottom wall is wavy with a higher temperature than the two sidewalls. The top wall is assumed to be insulated. The chamber is filled with nanofluid where the water Casson liquid is considered as base fluid and the aluminium oxide \(\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}\) as the nanoparticles. The viscous and Joule dissipation effects are incorporated in the model, considering the temperature difference due to differential wall temperature. The conservation equations are used for the description of flow and heat transfer. The Galerkin finite element method is employed to solve the resulting non-dimensionalized unsteady initial and boundary value problem using Taylor-Hood elements to avoid numerical instabilities. The influence of the Casson parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and Hartmann number on the streamlines and isotherms are discussed. The rate of heat transfers near the bottom wall is analysed through simulated data and the sensitivity of the average Nusselt number is performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). It is found that the heat transfer rate increases as the Hartmann number increases. The Casson parameter and the nanoparticle volume fraction significantly influence the heat transfer rate in high Hartmann number flows.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- \(\varGamma \) :
-
Boundary wall
- \(\gamma \) :
-
Casson parameter
- \(\kappa \) :
-
Thermal conductivity (Wm\(^{-1}\)K\(^{-1}\))
- \(\mu \) :
-
Dynamic viscosity (kgm\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-1}\))
- \(\mu _{B}\) :
-
Plastic dynamic viscosity (kg m\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-1}\))
- \(\varOmega \) :
-
Fluid domain
- \(\phi \) :
-
Solid volume fraction
- \(\psi \) :
-
Stream function
- \(\rho \) :
-
Density (kgm\(^{-3}\))
- \(\sigma \) :
-
Electrical conductivity (\(\varOmega ^{-1}\)m\(^{-1}\))
- \(\tau \) :
-
Shear stress (kg m\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-2}\))
- Ec :
-
Eckert number
- Nu :
-
Nusselt number
- Pr :
-
Prandtl number
- Ra :
-
Rayleigh number
- \((T_{1}, T_{2})\) :
-
Wall temperature (K)
- (u, v):
-
The x and y components of velocity (ms\(^{-1}\))
- (x, y):
-
Distance along x and y coordinates (m)
- \(\beta \) :
-
Coefficient of thermal expansion (K\(^{-1}\))
- \(B_{0}\) :
-
Induced magnetic field (kgA\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-2}\))
- \(c_{p}\) :
-
Specific heat at constant pressure (Jkg\(^{-1}\)K\(^{-1}\))
- e :
-
Deformation rate tensor (s\(^{-1}\))
- g :
-
Gravitational acceleration (ms\(^{-2}\))
- h :
-
Height of the enclosure (m)
- l :
-
Length of the bottom wall (m)
- p :
-
Pressure field (kg m\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-2}\))
- \(p_{y}\) :
-
Yield stress (kg m\(^{-1}\)s\(^{-2}\))
- T :
-
Temperature (K)
- t :
-
Time (s)
- av :
-
Average
- f :
-
Fluid
- nf :
-
Nanofluid
References
K. Venkatadri, S. Abdul Gaffer, V. Ramachandra Prasad, B. Md. Hidayathulla Khan, O.A. Beg, Simulation of natural convection heat transfer in a 2-D trapezoidal enclosure. Int. J. Autom. Mech. Eng. 16(4), 7375–7390 (2019)
K. Venkatadri, O.A. Bég, P. Rajarajeswari, V. Ramachandra Prasad, Numerical simulation of thermal radiation influence on natural convection in a trapezoidal enclosure: heat flow visualization through energy flux vectors. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 171, 105391 (2020)
K. Venkatadri, O.A. Bég, P. Rajarajeswari, V. Ramachandra Prasad, A. Subbarao, B.M. Hidayathulla Khan, Numerical simulation and energy flux vector visualization of radiative convection heat transfer in a porous triangular enclosure. J. Porous Media 23(12), 1187–1199 (2020)
V. Chandanam, C.V. Lakshmi, K. Venkatadri, O.A. Beg, V. Ramachandra Prasad, Numerical simulation of thermal management during natural convection in a porous triangular cavity containing air and hot obstacles. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 885 (2021)
S.U.S. Choi, J.A. Eastman, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Dev. Appl. Non-Newtonian Flows 66, 99–105 (1995)
S. Lee, S.U.S. Choi, J.A. Eastman, Measuring thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles. J. Heat Transfer 121, 280–289 (1999)
Y.M. Xuan, Q. Li, Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 21, 58–64 (2000)
H. Xie, J. Wang, T.G. Xie, Y. Liu, F. Ai, Thermal conductivity enhancement of suspensions containing nanosized alumina particles. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 4568–4572 (2002)
S.K. Das, S.U.S. Choi, H.E. Patel, Heat transfer in nanofluids—a review. Heat Transfer Eng. 37, 3–19 (2006)
X.Q. Wang, A.S. Mujumdar, Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review. Int. J. Thermal Sci. 46, 1–19 (2007)
D. Elcock, Potential impacts of nanotechnology on energy transmission applications and needs (Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 2007)
P. Ternik, R. Rudolf, Z. Zunic, Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement of homogeneous water-Au nanofluid under natural convection. Mater. Technol. 46(3), 257–261 (2012)
H.F. Oztop, E. Abu-Nada, Y. Varol, K. Al-Salem, Computational analysis of non-isothermal temperature distribution on natural convection in nanofluid filled enclosures. Superlattices Microstruct. 49(4), 453–467 (2011)
E. Abu-Nada, H.F. Oztop, Effects of inclination angle on natural convection in enclosures filled with Cu-water nanofluid. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30(4), 669–678 (2009)
Selimefendigil, F.O. Hakan, Natural convection and entropy generation of nanofluid filled cavity having different shaped obstacles under the influence of magnetic field and internal heat generation. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 56, 42–56 (2015)
S. Singh, R. Bhargava, Numerical study of natural convection with a wavy enclosure using meshfree approach: effect of corner heating. Sci. World J. 2014, 842401
V.M. Job, S.R. Gunakala, Unsteady MHD free convection nanofluid flows within a wavy trapezoidal enclosure with viscous and joule dissipation effects. Numer. Heat Transf. Part A: Appl. 69(4), 421–443 (2015)
E. Abu-Nada, H.F. Oztop, Numerical analysis of \(\text{ Al}_2\text{ O}_3\)/water nanofluids natural convection in a wavy walled cavity. Numer. Heat Transf. Part A: Appl. 59(5), 403–419 (2011)
H. Chen, Y. Ding, A. Lapkin, X. Fan, Rheological behavior of ethylene glycoltitanate nanotube nanofluids. J. Nanopart. Res. 11(6), 1513–1520 (2009)
M. Hojjat, S.G. Etemad, R. Bagheri, J. Thibault, Rheological characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluids: experimental investigation. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 38, 144–148 (2011)
H. Chen, Y. Ding, A. Lapkin, Rheological behaviour of nanofluids containing tube/rod-like nanoparticles. Powder Technol. 194, 132–141 (2009)
J. Kleppe, W.J. Marner, Transient free convection in a Bingham plastic on a vertical flat plate. J. Heat Transf. 25, 371–376 (1972)
B.I. Olajuwon, Flow and natural convection heat transfer in a power law fluid past a vertical plate with heat generation. Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. 7, 50–56 (2009)
M.N. Zakaria, H. Abid, I. Khan, S. Sharidan, The effects of radiation on free convection flow with ramped wall temperature in Brinkman type fluid. J. Teknologi 62, 33–39 (2013)
M.A. Hassan, M. Pathak, M.K. Khan, Natural convection of viscoplastic fluids in a square enclosure. J. Heat Transf. 135(12), 122501 (2013)
G.H.R. Kefayati, FDLBM simulation of entropy generation due to natural convection in an enclosure filled with non-Newtonian nanofluid. Powder Technol. 273, 176–190 (2015)
N. Casson, A flow equation for pigment oil suspensions of the printing ink type, in Rheology of Disperse Systems, vol. 22, ed. by C.C. Mill (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1959), pp. 84–102
T.S. Devi, C.V. Lakshmi, K. VENKATADRI, V. Ramachandra Prasad, O.A. Bég, M.S. Reddy, Simulation of unsteady natural convection flow of a Casson viscoplastic fluid in a square enclosure utilizing a MAC algorithm. Heat Transf. 49, 1769–1787 (2020)
T.S. Devi, C.V. Lakshmi, K. Venkatadri, M.S. Reddy, Influence of external magnetic wire on natural convection of non-Newtonian fluid in a square cavity. Partial Differ. Equ. Appl. Math. 4, 100041 (2021)
K. Venkatadri, A. shobha, C. Venkata Lakshmi, V. Ramachandra Prasad, B. Md Hidayathulla Khan, Influence of magnetic wire positions on free convection of Fe\(_3\)O\(_4\)-water nanofluid in a square enclosure utilizing with MAC algorithm. J. Comput. Appl. Mech. 51(2), 323–331 (2020)
M. Trivedi, M.S. Ansari, Unsteady Casson fluid flow in a porous medium with inclined magnetic field in presence of nanoparticles. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 228(12), 2553–2569 (2019)
M. Nakamura, T. Sawada, Numerical study on the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through an axisymmetric stenosis. J. Biomech. Eng. 110(2), 137–143 (1988)
S. Rashidi, M. Bovand, J.A. Esfahani, Heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty in porous solar heat exchangers: a sensitivity analysis. Energy Convers. Manag. 103, 726–738 (2015)
S. Rashidi, M. Bovand, J.A. Esfahani, Structural optimization of nanofluid flow around an equilateral triangular obstacle. Energy 88, 385–398 (2015)
S. Rashidi, M. Bovand, J.A. Esfahani, G. Ahmadi, Discrete particle model for convective Al2O3-water nanofluid around a triangular obstacle. Appl. Therm. Eng 100, 39–54 (2016)
E. Suresh Reddy, S. Panda, M.K. Nayak, O.D. Makinde, Cross flow on transient double-diffusive natural convection in inclined porous trapezoidal enclosures. Heat Transf. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.21908
J. Donea, A. Huerta, Finite Element Methods for Flow Problems (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003)
J.N. Reddy, An Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis: with Applications to Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics and Solid Mechanics (OUP Oxford, 2004)
Md. Abou-zeid, Effects of thermal-diffusion and viscous dissipation on peristaltic flow of micropolar non-Newtonian nanofluid: application of homotopy perturbation method. Results Phys. 6, 481–495 (2016)
W.J. Minkowycz, E.M. Sparrow, J.P. Abraham, Nanoparticle Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 4th edn. (CRC Press, New York, 2013)
H.C. Brinkman, The Viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions. J. Chem. Phys. 20, 571 (1952)
C. Taylor, P. Hood, A numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using finite element technique. Comput. Fluids 1, 73–89 (1973)
K. Sadoughi, M. Hosseini, F. Shakeri, M. Azimi, Analytical simulation of MHD nanofluid flow over the horizontal plate. Front. Aerospace Eng. 2(4), 242–246 (1973)
D.G. De Vahl, Natural convection Of air in a square cavity: a bench mark numerical solution. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 3, 249–264 (1983)
G.E.P. Box, K.B. Wilson, On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 13, 1–45 (1951)
D.C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments (Wiley, Hoboken, 1996)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suresh Reddy, E., Panda, S. Heat transfer of MHD natural convection Casson nanofluid flows in a wavy trapezoidal enclosure. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 2733–2747 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00609-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00609-3