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Investigation of turbulent flow structures in a wall jet can combustor: application of large eddy simulation

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Abstract

The present paper’s main goal is to investigate the turbulence structures and combustion characteristics in a model wall jet can combustor (WJCC) employing the large eddy simulation (LES) approach. The laminar flamelet combustion and discrete ordinates radiation models are applied in an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach to simulate a reactive spray flow. The results illustrate that LES together with an appropriate mesh and a suitable time step could properly capture the coherent vortical structures, including vortex tube, streamwise and hairpin vortices throughout the model WJCC. Also, the energy cascade from the largest turbulence length scale (integral length scale) at lower frequency of the spectrum to the smallest one along with the recirculation zones is revealed suitably. At the beginning of WJCC, immediately after the swirler, a region of dense coherent structures is formed that can influence the sharp fluctuations of the droplet. In the primary and intermediate zones the hairpin vortices and in the dilutions zone the streamwise vortices are observed more. A significant temperature reduction and a maximum scalar dissipation rate are detected in the head of hairpins. Results also indicate that the strain rate and flow temperature have an inverse relationship. The greatest strain rate is visible at the center of the collision of the primary jets and the main stream, where there is minimum temperature. The largest values of temperature are detected in the intermediate zone under the influence of the largest reverse flow.

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Abbreviations

\({A}_{\mathrm{d}}\) :

Droplet surface area

\({B}_{\mathrm{m}}\) :

Spalding mass transfer number

\({B}_{T}\) :

Spalding heat transfer number

\({C}_{\mathrm{D}}\) :

Drag coefficient

\({c}_{\mathrm{p}}\) :

Specific heat capacity (J/kg K)

\(\mathrm{CFL}\) :

Courant (Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy) number

\(\mathrm{D}\) :

Diameter of WJCC

\({D}_{i,m}\) :

Diffusion coefficient of vapor in gas phase

\({d}_{\mathrm{p}}\) :

Diameter of droplet

\({d}_{\mathrm{si}}\) :

Swirler inside diameter

\({E}_{uu}\) :

Power spectrum density of axial velocity fluctuations

\({F}_{i}\) :

Body force in momentum equations

\(f\) :

Mixture fraction

\({{\mathop f\limits^{\prime } }}\) :

Mixture fraction variance

\(H\) :

Enthalpy

\(\mathrm{h}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient

\({h}_{fg}\) :

Latent heat of vaporization

\(k\) :

Turbulence kinetic energy

\(L\) :

Integral length scale

\({L}_{\mathrm{s}}\) :

Sub-grid length scale

LES:

Large eddy simulation

m:

Mass (kg)

\({\text{Nu}}\) :

Nusselt number

\(P\) :

Pressure (Pa)

\(p\left( f \right)\) :

Probability density function (PDF)

\({\text{Pr}}\) :

Prandtl number

PSD:

Power spectrum density

\(Q\) :

Second invariant of velocity gradient tensor

\(q_{\phi }^{{{\text{sgs}}}}\) :

Sub-grid-scale turbulent fluxes of scalars

RANS:

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes

\({\text{Re}}\) :

Reynolds number

RMS:

Root mean square

RSM:

Reynolds stress model

\({\text{Sc}}\) :

Schmidt number

sgs:

Sub-grid scale

\(\dot{S}\) :

Source term

\(S_{ij}\) :

Strain rate tensor

\({\text{Sc}}_{{{\text{sgs}}}}\) :

Sub-grid-scale Schmidt number

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\(u_{i,j,k}\) :

Velocity component (m/s)

\(u_{\tau }\) :

Friction velocity (m/s)

\(u^{\prime } v^{\prime }\) :

Velocity component fluctuations (m/s)

\(t\) :

Time (s)

WJCC:

Wall jet can combustor

\(X,Y,Z\) :

Cartesian coordinates

\(x_{j}\) :

Cartesian coordinates

\(Y^{ + }\) :

Dimensionless wall distance

\(\alpha\) :

Coefficient in \({\text{PDF}}\) equation

\(\alpha_{i}\) :

Diffusivity coefficient of scalar \(i\)

\(\beta\) :

Coefficient in \({\text{PDF}}\) equation

\(\Delta\) :

Local grid size

\(\Delta X^{ + } ,\) \(\Delta Z^{ + }\) :

Dimensionless cell distance

\(\delta\) :

Function of delta

\(\varepsilon\) :

Dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy

\(\eta\) :

Kolmogorov length scale

\(\lambda\) :

Taylor length scale

\({\Gamma }\) :

Thermal conductivity \({\text{(W}}/{\text{m K}}\))

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity of continuous phase \({\text{(N s}}/{\text{m}}^{2} {)}\)

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic viscosity of continuous phase \({\text{(m}}^{2} /{\text{s)}}\)

\(\rho\) :

Density \({\text{(kg}}/{\text{m}}^{3} {)}\)

\(\tau_{ij}\) :

Stress tensor

\(\tau_{L}\) :

Large eddy time scale

\(\tau_{\lambda }\) :

Taylor time scale

\(\tau_{\eta }\) :

Kolmogorov time scale

\(\chi\) :

Scalar dissipation rate

\(\phi_{i}\) :

Scalar quantities of scalar \(i\)

\(\dot{\omega }_{i}\) :

Source in scalar equation (production rate from chemical reaction)

\(\Omega_{ij}\) :

Rotation rate tensor

\(g\) :

Gas phase (continuous phase)

\(d\) :

Droplet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Sadegh Abedinejad

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran

    Farzad Bazdidi-Tehrani & Sajad Mirzaei

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  1. Mohammad Sadegh Abedinejad
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Correspondence to Farzad Bazdidi-Tehrani.

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Abedinejad, M.S., Bazdidi-Tehrani, F. & Mirzaei, S. Investigation of turbulent flow structures in a wall jet can combustor: application of large eddy simulation. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 665 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01578-7

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