Abstract
This study represents the performance of Fe2O3/water nanofluid (20 nm) in a double-pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted-tape inserts for enhancing heat transfer. Fe2O3/water nanofluid is used because it has a higher thermal conductivity. Considered parameters include mass flow rate, twist ratio of tape, temperature and the volumetric portion of nanoparticles to water. The nanoparticles volume concentrations are 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v), and different twisted tapes with twist ratios of 2.5 ≤ y/w ≤ 5.2 are used. The Reynolds number variation is within the turbulent flow regime of 5000 < Re < 28,500. The obtained results show that adding nanoparticles as well as twisted-tape inserts increases heat transfer and Nusselt number. However, the effects of nanoparticles are more pronounced in high Reynolds number flows. Combining the positive effects of nanofluid and twisted tape, Nusselt number is significantly improved up to 103.45% in the test case. Moreover, there is no major change in friction factor. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm and tangent sigmoid nonlinear transfer function is implemented for the aim of modeling the Nusselt number.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
Heat transfer area (m2)
- C p :
-
Specific heat (kJ kg−1 °C−1)
- D :
-
Tube diameter (m)
- d :
-
Nanoparticle diameter (m)
- f :
-
Friction factor
- h :
-
Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 °C−1)
- \( h_{\text{E}} \) :
-
Enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient
- \( h_{\text{NE}} \) :
-
Non-enhanced convective heat transfer coefficient
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity (W m−1 °C−1)
- L :
-
Tube length (m)
- ṁ :
-
Mass flow rate (kg s−1)
- Nu:
-
Nusselt number (dimensionless)
- Pe:
-
Peclet number (dimensionless)
- Pr:
-
Prandtl number (dimensionless)
- Q :
-
Heat transfer rate (W)
- Re:
-
Reynolds number (dimensionless)
- T :
-
Temperature (°C)
- U :
-
Overall heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 °C−1)
- V :
-
Velocity (m2 s−1)
- n :
-
Flow behavior index
- ∆Tlm :
-
Logarithmic mean temperature difference (°C)
- ∆pnf :
-
Pressure drop
- α :
-
Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)
- ρ :
-
Density (kg m−3)
- ϑ :
-
Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)
- φ v :
-
Nanoparticle volume concentration (dimensionless)
- \( \eta \) :
-
Performance evaluation analysis
- f:
-
Fluid
- i:
-
Inside
- in:
-
Inlet
- m:
-
Mean
- ave:
-
Average
- nf:
-
Nanofluid
- o:
-
Outside
- out:
-
Outlet
- p:
-
Particles
- w:
-
Wall
- ANN:
-
Artificial neural network
- MLP:
-
Multilayer perceptron
- LM:
-
Levenberg–Marquardt
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- XRD:
-
X-ray powder diffraction
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This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51779262). The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their careful, unbiased and constructive suggestions, which led to this revised manuscript.
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Aghayari, R., Maddah, H., Pourkiaei, S.M. et al. Theoretical and experimental studies of heat transfer in a double-pipe heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape and nanofluid. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 252 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00252-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00252-8