Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged tungsten ions were produced with an electron beam ion trap at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer. The spectra were measured in the wavelength range 2.7–17.3 nm while the beam energy varied between 1.65 and 2.00 keV. At these energies, the ionization stages from Zr-like W34+ to Se-like W40+ ions were observed. Large-scale collisional-radiative modelling was used to identify the strong lines, including 15 new ones, which represent electric dipole n = 4–4 transitions in these ions. While a good quantitative agreement between theoretical and experimental data was found for almost all ions, some of the tentatively identified wavelengths in W35+ significantly disagree from all available calculations.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Reader, Phys. Scr. T134, 014023 (2009)
E. Lassner, W.-D. Schubert, The element tungsten (Springer, Berlin, 1999)
R. Neu, K.B. Fournier, D. Schlög, J. Rice, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 5057 (1997)
K. Asmussen, K.B. Fournier, J.M. Laming, R. Neu, J.F. Seely, R. Dux, W. Engelhardt, J.C. Fuchs, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Nucl. Fusion 38, 967 (1998)
R. Radtke, C. Biedermann, J.L. Schwob, P. Mandelbaum, R. Doron, Phys. Rev. A 64, 012720 (2001)
C. Biedermann, R. Radtke, J.L. Schwob, P. Mandelbaum, R. Doron, T. Fuchs, G. Fußmann, Phys. Scr. T92, 85 (2001)
S.B. Utter, P. Beiersdorfer, E. Träbert, Can. J. Phys. 80, 1503 (2002)
T. Pütterich, R. Neu, C. Biedermann, R. Radtke, R. Seidel, ASDEX Upgrade Team, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, 3071 (2005)
P. Neill, C. Harris, A.S. Safronova, S. Hamasha, S. Hansen, U.I. Safronova, P. Beiersdorfer, Can. J. Phys. 82, 931 (2004)
Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, J.M. Pomeroy, J.N. Tan, J.D. Gillaspy, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 3861 (2007)
T. Pütterich, R. Neu, R. Dux, A.D. Whiteford, M.G. O’Mullane, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50, 085016 (2008)
C.S. Harte, C. Suzuki, T. Kato, H.A. Sakaue, D. Kato, K. Sato, N. Tamura, S. Sudo, R. D’Arcy, E. Sokell, J. White, G. O’Sullivan, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 205004 (2010)
D. Kilbane, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44, 165006 (2011)
C.S. Harte, T. Higashiguchi, T. Otsuka, R. D’Arcy, D. Kilbane, G. O’Sullivan, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45, 205002 (2012)
K.B. Fournier, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 68, 1 (1998)
Yu. Ralchenko, Y. Maron, J. Quant. Spectrsc. Radiat. Transf. 71, 609 (2001)
A.E. Kramida, T. Shirai, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 95, 1051 (2009)
A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, NIST ASD Team, NIST atomic spectra database (version 5.5.1) (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20l7), Available at: https://physics.nist.gov/asd
J.D. Gillaspy, Phys. Scr. T71, 99 (1997)
J.D. Gillaspy, J. Roberts, C. Brown, U. Feldman, Phys. Scr. T71, 99 (1997)
G.E. Holland et al., Rev. Sci Instrum. 76, 073304 (2005)
B. Blagojevic et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 083102 (2005)
K. Fahy et al., Phys. Rev. A 75, 032520 (2007)
J. Reader et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47, 145003 (2014)
I. Hughes, T. Hase, Measurements and their uncertainties (Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2012)
Yu. Ralchenko, Y. Maron, J. Quant. Spectrsc. Radiat. Transf. 71, 609 (2001)
M.F. Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86, 675 (2008)
Yu. Ralchenko, I.N. Draganić, D. Osin, J.D. Gillaspy, J. Reader, Phys. Rev. A 83, 032517 (2011)
D. Kilbane, G. O’Sullivan, Y.A. Podpaly, J.D. Gillaspy, J. Reader, Yu. Ralchenko, Eur. Phys. J. D 68, 222 (2014)
P. Bogdanovich, R. Kiselius, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 98, 557 (2012)
P. Bogdanovich, R. Kiselius, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 99, 580 (2013)
P. Bogdanovich, R. Kiselius, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 100, 1593 (2014)
R. Karpuškienė, P. Bogdanovich, R. Kiselius, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 115–116, 385 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Das, T., Podpaly, Y.A., Reader, J. et al. Analysis of EUV spectra from N-shell tungsten ions observed with an electron beam ion trap. Eur. Phys. J. D 72, 124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2018-90118-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2018-90118-7