Abstract
For the relative entropy-based measure of quantum discord the key idea is to find the closest classical state (CCS) for a given state ρ, which is in general a more complicated problem. In this work, we study three and four qubit graph-diagonal states and give the explicit expressions of CCS for these states. Using the CCS, we compute the quantum discord of graph-diagonal states of three and four qubit systems and show that there is a hierarchy for the quantum discord of graph-diagonal states of any three and four qubit systems. Then we classify the entanglement of graph-diagonal states of three and four qubit systems and draw the hierarchy of entanglement of these graph-diagonal states. Finally, we compare the hierarchy of quantum discord and quantum entanglement of the these graph-diagonal states and show that the hierarchy of quantum entanglement is at least in equivalence of quantum discord.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, K. Horodecki, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009)
O. Guhne, G. Toth, Phys. Rep. 474, 1 (2009)
K. Modi, A. Brodutch, H. Cable, T. Paterek, V. Vedral, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1655 (2012)
M.A. Nielsen, I.L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000)
C.H. Bennett, D.P. DiVincenzo, Nature 404, 247 (2000)
C.H. Bennett, D.P. DiVincenzo, C.A. Fuchs, T. Mor, E. Rains, P.W. Shor, J.A. Smolin, W.K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1070 (1999)
M. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, R. Horodecki, J. Oppenheim, A. Sen, U. Sen, B. Synak-Radtke, Phys. Rev. A 71, 062307 (2005)
J. Niset, N.J. Cerf, Phys. Rev. A 74, 052103 (2006)
H. Ollivier, W.H. Zurek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 017901, 88 (2001)
L. Henderson, V. Vedral, J. Phys. A 34, 6899 (2001)
S. Luo, Phys. Rev. A 77, 042303 (2008)
L. Mazzola, J. Piilo, S. Maniscalco, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 200401 (2010)
M.D. Lang, C.M. Caves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 150501 (2010)
J. Maziero, L.C. Celeri, R.M. Serra, V. Vedral, Phys. Rev. A 80, 044102 (2009)
F.F. Fanchini, T. Werlang, C.A. Brasil, L.G.E. Arruda, A.O. Caldeira, Phys. Rev. A 81, 052107 (2010)
A. Datta, Phys. Rev. A 80, 052304 (2009)
T. Werlang, G. Rigolin, Phys. Rev. A 81, 044101 (2010)
M. Ali, A.R.P. Rau, G. Alber, Phys. Rev. A 81, 042105 (2010)
G. Adesso, A. Datta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030501 (2010)
M.A. Jafarizadeh et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 68, 136 (2014)
Z. Ma, Z. Chen, F.F. Fanchini, S. Fei, Sci. Rep. 5, 10262 (2015)
K. Modi, T. Paterek, W. Son, V. Vedral, M. Williamson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 080501 (2010)
H. Kim, M.-R. Hwang, E. Jung, D.K. Park, Phys. Rev. A 81, 052325 (2010)
P. Parashar, S. Rana, Phys. Rev. A 83, 032301 (2011)
J. Zhang, A. Chen, Quantum Phys. Lett. 1, 2 (2012)
M. Hein et al., in Quantum Computers, Algorithms and Chaos, edited by G. Casati, D.L. Shepelyansky, P. Zoller, G. Benenti (IOS, Amsterdam, 2006)
R. Raussendorf, H.J. Briegel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188 (2001)
M.A. Jafarizadeh et al., Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55, 1543 (2015)
R.V. Buniy, T.W. Kephart, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45, 185304 (2012)
O. Gühne, B. Jungnitsch, T. Moroder, Y.S. Weinstein, Phys. Rev. A 84, 052319 (2011)
B. Jungnitsch, T. Moroder, O. Gühne, Phys. Rev. A 84, 032310 (2011)
R.V. Buniy, T.W. Kephart, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45, 182001 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jafarizadeh, M.A., Karimi, N., Sahlan, D.A. et al. Hierarchy of graph-diagonal states based on quantum discord and entanglement classification . Eur. Phys. J. D 71, 254 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-80242-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2017-80242-3