Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of plasma produced by first and second harmonic nano-second laser for enhancing the capability of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal D Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Evaluation of plasmas produced and optimized for improving the capability of convenential laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for analytical purposes of solid samples is the main goal of the present work. The plasma produced in the present study was generated by focusing a single nano-second Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm and at the second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm on an Al target in air at atmospheric pressure. The emission spectrum was recorded time resolved over the whole UV-NIR (200–1000 nm) spectral range. This work describes an extension of previously reported studies and focuses now on the determination of the plasma parameters at the optimum condition – highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimum limit of detection (LOD) — of the LIBS technique, which is now widely applied to the elemental analysis of materials in atmospheric air. Parameters of the produced plasma in the time interval from 0 to 10 μs are determined for to further understanding the LIBS plasma dynamics. O I and Mn I spectral lines are used in the present work as thermometric lines for the determination of the plasma temperature based on Boltzmann plots. Stark broadening of lines yields the electron density. The widths of the H α -line at 656.27 nm, of the O I line at 844.65 nm, of Al II lines at 281.65 nm and 466.30 nm and of the Si I line at 288.15 nm has been utilized for that. The plasma temperature ranged from 0.73 eV to around 1 eV for the different laser energies with both laser wavelengths for the optimized plasma used for LIBS analysis. This temperature is very close to that well known for the other spectrochemical analytical techniques or in excitation sources such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Fundamentals and Applications, edited by A.W. Miziolek, V. Palleschi, I. Schechter (Cambridge University Press, 2006)

  2. D.A. Cremers, L.J. Radziemski, Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2006)

  3. L. Barrette, S. Turmel, Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 715 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. E.D. McNaghten, A.M. Parkes, B.C. Griffiths, A.I. Whitehouse, S. Palanco, Spectrochim. Acta B 64, 1111 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Fichet, P. Mauchien, J.F. Wagner, C. Moulin, Anal. Chim. Acta 42, 269 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L. St-Onge, E. Kwong, M. Sabsabi, E. Vadas, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 36, 277 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Palanco, S. Conesa, J.J. Laserna, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 19, 462 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Sakka, S. Masai, K. Fukami, Y.H. Ogata, Spectrochim. Acta B 64, 981 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Fornarini, F. Colao, R. Fantoni, V. Lazic, V. Spizzicchino, Spectrochim. Acta B 60, 1186 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Sallé, J.L. Lacour, P. Mauchien, P. Fichet, S. Maurice, G. Manhes, Spectrochim. Acta B 61, 301 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Palanco, J.J. Laserna, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 15, 1321 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Laville, M. Sabsabi, F.R. Doucet, Spectrochim. Acta B 62, 1557 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.M. Tripathi, K.E. Eseller, F.-Y. Yueh, J.P. Singh, Spectrochim. Acta B 64, 1212 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. D.A. Cremers, Appl. Spectrosc. 41, 572 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. K.L. Eland, D.N. Stratis, D.M. Gold, S.R. Goode, S. Michael Angel, Appl. Spectrosc. 55, 286 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Semerok, C. Chaléard, V. Detalle, J.L. Lacour, P. Mauchien, P. Meynadier, C. Nouvellon, B. Sallé, P. Palianov, M. Perdrix, G. Petite, Appl. Surf. Sci. 138-139, 311 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Meissner, T. Lippert, A. Wokaun, K. Guenther, Thin Solid Films 453-454, 316 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.S. Chu, M. Ye, C.P. Grigoropoulos, in Proceedings 5th ASME/JSME, San Diego, California, USA, 1999, pp. 1–5

  19. X.T. Wang, B.Y. Man, G.T. Wang, Z. Zhao, B.Z. Xu, Y.Y. Xia, L.M. Mei, X.Y. Hu, Appl. Phys. 80–83, 1783 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. B.Y. Man, Appl. Phys. B 67, 241 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. M.H. Hong, Y.F. Lu, T.M. Ho, L.W. Lu, T.S. Low, in Laser Processing of Materials and Industrial Application II, edited by D. Shu-Sun, S.L. Wang, Proc. SPIE 3550 (1998), p. 441

  22. F. Fuso, L.N. Vyacheslavov, G. Masciarelli, E. Arimondo, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 8088 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. O.A. Bukin, I.V. Bazarov, N.S. Bodin, A.A. Il’in, V.D. Kiselev, E.A. Sviridenkov, V.I. Tsarev, A.Yu. Major, Quantum Electron. 28, 685 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Yalcin, D.R. Crosley, G.P. Smith, G.W. Faris, Appl. Phys. B 68, 121 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.N. Thakur, in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, edited by J.P. Singh, S.N. Thakur (Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, 2007)

  26. H.R. Griem, Plasma Spectroscopy (McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1964)

  27. R.H. Huddlestone, S.L. Leonard, Plasma Diagnostic Techniques (Academic Press, New York, 1965)

  28. J.A. Van der Mullen, Phys. Rep. Phys. Lett. 191, 109 (1990)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. D.B. Chrisey, G.K. Huber, Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films (Wiley Interscience Publication, New York, 1994)

  30. A. De Giacomo, V.A. Shakhatov, O. De Pascale, Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 753 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Hegazy, E.A. Abdel-Wahab, F.M. Abdel-Rahim, S.H. Allam, A.M.A. Nossair, accepted in Appl. Phys. B, DOI: 10.1007/s00340-013-5589-9

  32. H. Hegazy, E.A. Abdel-Wahab, F.M. Abdel-Rahim, S.H. Allam, A.M.A. Nossair, accepted in Arab J. Nucl. Sci. Appl.

  33. P. Stavropoulos, C. Palagas, G.N. Angelopoulos, D.N. Papamantellos, S. Couris, Spectrochim. Acta B 59, 1885 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Hegazy, Appl. Phys. B 98, 601 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. H.-J. Kunze, in 3rd Workshop on Plasma and Laser Technology, Ismailia, Egypt, 1993, edited by Ph. Mertens (Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 1994), pp. 31–46

  36. A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, NIST ASD Team (2013), NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.1) [Online], http://physics.nist.gov/asd

  37. http://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS4.pdf

  38. F. Leis, W. Sdorra, J.B. Ko, K. Niemax, Microchim. Acta 2, 185 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. H.C. Liu, X.L. Mao, J.H. Yoo, R.E. Russo, Spectrochim. Acta B 54, 1607 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. X. Zeng, X.L. Mao, S. Mao, J.H. Yoo, R. Greif, R.E. Russo, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 816 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. H.R. Griem, Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas (Academic Press, New York, 1974)

  42. J. Ashkenazy, R. Kipper, M. Caner, Phys. Rev. A 43, 5568 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. T. Wujec, J. Halenka, A. Jazgara, J. Musielok, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 74, 663 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Colon, G. Hatem, E. Verdugo, P. Ruiz, J. Campos, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 4752 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. A.M. El Sherbini, H. Hegazy, Th.M. El Sherbini, Spectrochim. Acta B 61, 532 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. H. Hegazy, F.M. Abdel-Rahim, S.H. Allam, Appl. Phys. B 108, 665 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. P. Kepple, H.R. Griem, Phys. Rev. 173, 317 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. V. Detalle, R. Heon, M. Sabsabi, L. St-Onge, Spectrochim. Acta B 56, 1011 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Gaudiuso, M. Dell’Aglio, O. De Pascale, G.S. Senesi, A. De Giacomo, Sensors 10, 7434 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. L.J. Radziemski, Spectrochim. Acta B 57, 1109 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. Koch, A. Von Bohlen, R. Hergenroder, K. Niemax, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 19, 267 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. O.V. Borisov, X.L. Mao, R.E. Russo, Spectrochim. Acta B 55, 1693 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. V. Margetic, A. Pakulev, A. Stockhaus, M. Bolshov, K. Niemax, R.A. Hergenroder, Spectrochim. Acta B 55, 1771 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. E. Tognoni, G. Cristoforetti, S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, Spectrochim. Acta B 65, 1 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. L. Fornarini, R. Fantoni, F. Colao, A. Santagata, R.A. Elhassan, M.A. Harith, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 14363 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. J.B. Olsen, J.H. Macedone, P.B. Farnsworth, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 21, 856 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. P. Serapinas, J. Salkauskas, Z. Ezerinskis, A. Acus, Spectrochim. Acta B 65, 15 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. W. Wei, J. Wu, X. Li, S.I. Jia, A. Qiu, J. Appl. Phys. 114, 113304 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. S.B. Wen, X.L. Mao, R. Greif, R.E. Russo, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 023114 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. S.S. Harilal, G.V. Miloshevsky, P.K. Diwakar, N.L. LaHaye, A. Hassanein, Phys. Plasmas 19, 083504 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. K.R. Chen, T.C. King, J.H. Hes, J.N. Leboeuf, D.B. Geohegan, R.F. Wood, A.A. Puretzky, J.M. Donato, Phys. Rev. B 60, 8373 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. N. Farid, S.S. Harilal, H. Ding, A. Hassanein, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 033107 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 2079, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    Hosam Hegazy

  2. Plasma Physics Department, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Enshass, Egypt

    Hosam Hegazy

  3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Cairo, Egypt

    Essam A. Abdel-Wahab, Farid M. Abdel-Rahim & Abd ElDaim M. A. Nossair

  4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589, Khulais, Saudi Arabia

    Farid M. Abdel-Rahim

  5. Laboratory of Lasers and New Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Sami H. Allam

Authors
  1. Hosam Hegazy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Essam A. Abdel-Wahab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farid M. Abdel-Rahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sami H. Allam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abd ElDaim M. A. Nossair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hosam Hegazy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hegazy, H., Abdel-Wahab, E.A., Abdel-Rahim, F.M. et al. Evaluation of plasma produced by first and second harmonic nano-second laser for enhancing the capability of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. Eur. Phys. J. D 68, 107 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2014-50065-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2014-50065-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation