Abstract
The strangeness production is an important observable to study the QCD phase diagram. The yield ratios of strange quark can be helpful to search for the QCD critical end point (CEP) and/or first-order phase transition. In this work, we studied the production of \(K^{\pm }\), \(\Xi ^-({\bar{\Xi }}^{+})\), \(\phi \) and \(\Lambda ({\bar{\Lambda }})\) in Au + Au collisions at \(\sqrt{\textrm{s}_{_{\textrm{NN}}}}\) = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4, and 200 GeV from A Multi-Phase Transport model with string melting version (AMPT-SM). We calculated the invariant yield of these strange hadrons using a different set of parameters compared to those reported in earlier studies and also by varying the hadronic cascade time (\(t_{max}\)) in the AMPT-SM model. We also calculated the yield ratios, \({\mathcal {O}}_{K^{\pm }-\Xi ^{-}({\bar{\Xi }}^{+})-\phi -\Lambda (\bar{\Lambda })}\) which are reported as sensitive to the strange quark density fluctuations and found that the AMPT-SM model fails to describe the non-monotonic trend observed by the experimental data. The negative particle ratio are found to be higher than the ratio of positive particles which is consistent with the experimental data. A significant effect is also seen on these ratios by varying the \(t_{max}\). For a crossover transition between the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) and hadronic matter, the double yield ratios considered in the present study based on AMPT-SM model do not show any non-monotonic behaviors and thus providing a baseline for the search of CEP, because there is no first-order or second-order phase transition in the AMPT model. The more realistic equation of state based dynamical modeling is still required for the heavy-ion collisions in order to extract the definite physics conclusion about the non-monotonic energy dependence behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The authors declare that all the supported data of this study are available within the article.]
References
I. Arsene et al., BRAHMS. Nucl. Phys. A 757, 1–27 (2005)
K. Adcox et al., PHENIX. Nucl. Phys. A 757, 184–283 (2005)
B.B. Back et al., PHOBOS. Nucl. Phys. A 757, 28–101 (2005)
J. Adams et al., STAR. Nucl. Phys. A 757, 102–183 (2005)
J. Cleymans, K. Redlich, Phys. Rev. C 60, 054908 (1999)
F. Becattini, J. Manninen, M. Gazdzicki, Phys. Rev. C 73, 044905 (2006)
A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A 772, 167–199 (2006)
E. Shuryak, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035001 (2017)
P. Braun-Munzinger, V. Koch, T. Schäfer, J. Stachel, Phys. Rept. 621, 76–126 (2016)
Z. Fodor, S.D. Katz, JHEP 04, 050 (2004)
M. Asakawa, K. Yazaki, Nucl. Phys. A 504, 668–684 (1989)
M.A. Stephanov, K. Rajagopal, E.V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4816–4819 (1998)
Y. Hatta, T. Ikeda, Phys. Rev. D 67, 014028 (2003)
R.V. Gavai, S. Gupta, Phys. Rev. D 78, 114503 (2008)
M. Asakawa, S.A. Bass, B. Muller, C. Nonaka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 122302 (2008)
M. Asakawa, U.W. Heinz, B. Muller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2072–2075 (2000)
N. Yu, D. Zhang, X. Luo, Chin. Phys. C 44(1), 014002 (2020)
K.J. Sun, L.W. Chen, C.M. Ko, Z. Xu, Phys. Lett. B 774, 103–107 (2017)
K.J. Sun, L.W. Chen, C.M. Ko, J. Pu, Z. Xu, Phys. Lett. B 781, 499–504 (2018)
T. Shao, J. Chen, C.M. Ko, K.J. Sun, Phys. Lett. B 801, 135177 (2020)
B.I. Abelev et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 81, 024911 (2010)
M. M. Aggarwal et al. [STAR], arXiv:1007.2613 [nucl-ex]
J. Adam et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 102(3), 034909 (2020)
M.U. Ashraf, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 668(1), 012095 (2016)
M. U. Ashraf [STAR], Nucl. Phys. A 1005, 121815 (2021)
J. Adam et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 101(2), 024905 (2020)
J. Rafelski, B. Muller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 (1982), 1066 [erratum: Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 (1986), 2334]
S. Ahmad, B. E. Bonner, C. S. Chan, J. M. Clement, S. V. Efremov, E. Efstathiadis, S. E. Eiseman, A. Etkin, K. J. Foley, R. W. Hackenburg, et al. Phys. Lett. B 382 (1996), 35-39 [erratum: Phys. Lett. B 386 (1996), 496-496]
S. Ahmad, B.E. Bonner, S.V. Efremov, G.S. Mutchler, E.D. Platner, H.W. Themann, Nucl. Phys. A 636, 507–524 (1998)
L. Ahle et al., E-802 and E-866. Phys. Rev. C 60, 044904 (1999)
B.B. Back et al., E917. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 242301 (2001)
S. Albergo, R. Bellwied, M. Bennett, D. Boemi, B. Bonner, H. Caines, W. Christie, S. Costa, H.J. Crawford, M. Cronqvist et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 062301 (2002)
P. Chung et al., E895. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 202301 (2003)
S.V. Afanasiev et al., NA49. Phys. Rev. C 66, 054902 (2002)
F. Antinori et al., NA57. Phys. Lett. B 595, 68–74 (2004)
C. Adler et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 092301 (2002)
K. Adcox et al., PHENIX. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 092302 (2002)
B.B. Abelev et al., ALICE. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 222301 (2013)
J. Chen, D. Keane, Y.G. Ma, A. Tang, Z. Xu, Phys. Rept. 760, 1–39 (2018)
F. Becattini, J. Cleymans, A. Keranen, E. Suhonen, K. Redlich, Phys. Rev. C 64, 024901 (2001)
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Cleymans, H. Oeschler, K. Redlich, Nucl. Phys. A 697, 902–912 (2002)
K. Redlich, A. Tounsi, Eur. Phys. J. C 24, 589–594 (2002)
F. Li, C.M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C 95(5), 055203 (2017)
J. Steinheimer, J. Randrup, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 212301 (2012)
J. Steinheimer, J. Randrup, V. Koch, Phys. Rev. C 89(3), 034901 (2014)
C.M. Ko, EPJ Web Conf. 171, 03002 (2018)
H. Sorge, Phys. Rev. C 52, 3291–3314 (1995)
H. Sorge, Phys. Lett. B 402, 251–256 (1997)
S.A. Bass, M. Belkacem, M. Bleicher, M. Brandstetter, L. Bravina, C. Ernst, L. Gerland, M. Hofmann, S. Hofmann, J. Konopka et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41, 255–369 (1998)
M. Bleicher, E. Zabrodin, C. Spieles, S.A. Bass, C. Ernst, S. Soff, L. Bravina, M. Belkacem, H. Weber, H. Stoecker et al., J. Phys. G 25, 1859–1896 (1999)
S.H. Kahana, D.E. Kahana, Y. Pang, T.J. Schlagel, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 46, 31–70 (1996)
B.A. Li, C.M. Ko, Nucl. Phys. A 630, 556–562 (1998)
Y. Nara, EPJ Web Conf. 208, 11004 (2019)
Z.W. Lin, C.M. Ko, B.A. Li, B. Zhang, S. Pal, Phys. Rev. C 72, 064901 (2005)
Z. w. Lin, C. M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C 65, 034904 (2002)
L.W. Chen, V. Greco, C.M. Ko, P.F. Kolb, Phys. Lett. B 605, 95–100 (2005)
X.N. Wang, M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D 44, 3501–3516 (1991)
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, B. Soderberg, Z. Phys. C 20, 317 (1983)
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman, T. Sjostrand, Phys. Rept. 97, 31–145 (1983)
B. Zhang, C. M. Ko, B. A. Li, Z. w. Lin, Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000), 067901
Z. w. Lin, S. Pal, C. M. Ko, B. A. Li, B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. C 64, 011902 (2001)
Z.W. Lin, L. Zheng, Nucl. Sci. Tech. 32(10), 113 (2021)
T. Shao, J. Chen, C.M. Ko, Z.W. Lin, Phys. Rev. C 102(1), 014906 (2020)
M. U. Ashraf, J. Tariq, S. Ikram, A. M. Khan, J. Butt, S. Zain, arXiv:2211.14795 [hep-ph]
Y. He, Z.W. Lin, Phys. Rev. C 96(1), 014910 (2017)
J. Xu, L.W. Chen, C.M. Ko, Z.W. Lin, Phys. Rev. C 85, 041901 (2012)
G.S. Pradhan, R. Rath, R. Scaria, R. Sahoo, Phys. Rev. C 105(5), 054905 (2022)
K.J. Sun, L.W. Chen, Phys. Rev. C 95(4), 044905 (2017)
L. Adamczyk et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 96(4), 044904 (2017)
L. Adamczyk et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 93(2), 021903 (2016)
J. Adams et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 062301 (2007)
B.I. Abelev et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 112301 (2007)
C. Adler et al., STAR. Phys. Lett. B 595, 143–150 (2004)
B.I. Abelev et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 79, 034909 (2009)
S. Wheaton, J. Cleymans, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 84–106 (2009)
C. Alt et al., NA49. Phys. Rev. C 77, 024903 (2008)
C. Alt et al., NA49. Phys. Rev. C 78, 044907 (2008)
C. Alt et al., NA49. Phys. Rev. C 78, 034918 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by Che-Ming Ko.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Tariq, J., Ikram, S. & Ashraf, M.U. Study of strange quark density fluctuations in Au + Au Collisions at \(\sqrt{\textrm{s}_{_{\textrm{NN}}}}\) = 7.7–200 GeV from AMPT Model. Eur. Phys. J. A 59, 73 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00991-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00991-z