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The P2 experiment

A future high-precision measurement of the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer

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Abstract.

We describe the research and development work for the P2 experiment which aims for a high precision determination of the weak mixing angle \(\sin^{2}\theta_{W}\) to a precision of 0.15% at a four-momentum transfer of \(4.5\times 10^{-3}\) GeV2. This accuracy, comparable to existing measurements at the Z pole, allows for a sensitive test of the Standard Model up to a mass scale of 50 TeV, extendable to 60 TeV. The weak mixing angle is connected to the weak charge of the proton which will be extracted from a measurement of the parity violating cross section asymmetry \(-39.94 \times 10^{-9}\) in elastic electron-proton scattering. A total accuracy of \(0.57 \times 10^{-9}\) is achievable in a measurement time of 11000 h using a 150μA polarized electron beam impinging on a 60 cm liquid hydrogen target. The P2 asymmetry is smaller than any asymmetry measured so far in electron scattering with an unprecedented goal for the accuracy. The use of a solenoid spectrometer with 100% \(\phi\)-acceptance as well as an atomic hydrogen trap polarimeter are new features, which have never before been used in parity-violation experiments. In order to collect the enormous statistics required for this measurement, the new Mainz Energy-Recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) is under construction. Plans for the associated beam control system and the polarimetry are described in this article as well. A liquid hydrogen high-power target with an extremely low noise level of 10 ppm needs to be designed and constructed. We report in addition on the conceptual design of the P2 spectrometer, its Cherenkov detectors, the integrating read-out electronics as well as the ultra-thin, fast tracking detectors. The physics program of the MESA facility comprises indirect, high precision search for physics beyond the Standard Model, measurement of the neutron distribution in nuclear physics, single-spin asymmetries, and a possible future extension to the measurement of hadronic parity violation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Dominik Becker, Razvan Bucoveanu, Carsten Grzesik, Kathrin Imai, Ruth Kempf, Matthias Molitor, Alexey Tyukin, Marco Zimmermann, Kurt Aulenbacher, Sebastian Baunack, Niklaus Berger, Peter Bernhard, Andrea Brogna, Luigi Capozza, Jürgen Diefenbach, Boris Gläser, Mikhail Gorchtein, Boxing Gou, Wolfgang Gradl, Yoshio Imai, Frank Maas, David Rodríguez Piñeiro, Concettina Sfienti, Iurii Sorokin, Hubert Spiesberger, Michaela Thiel, Valery Tyukin & Quirin Weitzel

  2. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Dominik Becker, Carsten Grzesik, Kathrin Imai, Ruth Kempf, Matthias Molitor, Alexey Tyukin, Marco Zimmermann, Kurt Aulenbacher, Sebastian Baunack, Niklaus Berger, Luigi Capozza, Jürgen Diefenbach, Boris Gläser, Mikhail Gorchtein, Boxing Gou, Wolfgang Gradl, Yoshio Imai, Frank Maas, David Rodríguez Piñeiro, Concettina Sfienti, Iurii Sorokin, Michaela Thiel & Valery Tyukin

  3. Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Razvan Bucoveanu & Hubert Spiesberger

  4. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA

    David Armstrong & Wouter Deconinck

  5. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Kurt Aulenbacher, Luigi Capozza, Boxing Gou, Frank Maas, David Rodríguez Piñeiro & Concettina Sfienti

  6. Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA

    Rakitha Beminiwattha

  7. Detector Laboratory, PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Peter Bernhard, Andrea Brogna, Concettina Sfienti & Quirin Weitzel

  8. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA

    Silviu Covrig Dusa

  9. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA

    James Dunne

  10. Departamento de Física Teórica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jens Erler

  11. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Ciprian Gal & Kent Paschke

  12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Michael Gericke, Juliette Mammei, Jie Pan, Preeti Pandey & Sakib Rahman

  13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Krishna S. Kumar

  14. Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Ivan Perić

  15. Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    Mark Pitt

  16. Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA

    Seamus Riordan

  17. Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Paul Souder

Authors
  1. Dominik Becker
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  2. Razvan Bucoveanu
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  3. Carsten Grzesik
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  4. Kathrin Imai
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  5. Ruth Kempf
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  6. Matthias Molitor
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  7. Alexey Tyukin
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  8. Marco Zimmermann
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  9. David Armstrong
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  10. Kurt Aulenbacher
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  11. Sebastian Baunack
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  12. Rakitha Beminiwattha
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  13. Niklaus Berger
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  14. Peter Bernhard
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  15. Andrea Brogna
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  16. Luigi Capozza
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  18. Wouter Deconinck
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  19. Jürgen Diefenbach
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  20. James Dunne
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  21. Jens Erler
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  22. Ciprian Gal
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  23. Michael Gericke
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  24. Boris Gläser
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  25. Mikhail Gorchtein
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  26. Boxing Gou
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  27. Wolfgang Gradl
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  28. Yoshio Imai
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  29. Krishna S. Kumar
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  30. Frank Maas
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  31. Juliette Mammei
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  32. Jie Pan
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  33. Preeti Pandey
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  34. Kent Paschke
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  35. Ivan Perić
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  36. Mark Pitt
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  37. Sakib Rahman
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  38. Seamus Riordan
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  39. David Rodríguez Piñeiro
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  40. Concettina Sfienti
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  41. Iurii Sorokin
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  42. Paul Souder
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  43. Hubert Spiesberger
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  44. Michaela Thiel
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  45. Valery Tyukin
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  46. Quirin Weitzel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frank Maas.

Additional information

Communicated by N. Alamanos

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Becker, D., Bucoveanu, R., Grzesik, C. et al. The P2 experiment. Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 208 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2018-12611-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2018-12611-6

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