Entropy production and effective viscosity in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract.

The entropy production and an effective viscosity in central Au+Au collisions are estimated in a wide range of incident energies 3.3 GeV $\le \sqrt{s_{NN}}\le$ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model employing three different equations of state with and without deconfinement transition, which are equally good in the reproduction of the momentum-integrated elliptic flow of charged particles in the considered energy range. It is found that more than 80% entropy is produced during a short early collision stage which lasts ∼ 1 fm/c at the highest considered energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\gtrsim 20$ GeV. The estimated values of the viscosity-to-entropy ratio ($\eta$/s) are approximately the same in all considered scenarios. At the final stages of the system expansion they range from ∼ 0.05 at the highest considered energies to ∼ 0.5 at the lowest ones. It is found that the $\eta$/s ratio decreases with the temperature (T) rise, approximately as $\sim 1/T^{4}$, and exhibits a rather weak dependence on the net-baryon density.