Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Instability and Stability in the Population Dynamics of Chukotka and Its Settlements in the Post-Soviet Period: Regional Features and Intraregional and Local Differences

  • REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  • Published:
Regional Research of Russia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study is aimed at identifying geographical features and differences in the stability/instability of the population and settlement pattern of one ethnic region in the Russian Arctic, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the factors that determine them. The use of classical geographical methods, including field research, made it possible to establish that, on the general instability of the population and settlement pattern of Chukotka in the 1990s and stabilization after 2002, significant intraregional and local differences were observed. Chukotsky district has been characterized by relatively greater stability (a smaller decrease in population due to smaller migration outflow and the absence of liquidated settlements) owing to the high share of the indigenous population. The greatest instability, especially in the 1990s, was demonstrated by the district with a large proportion of newcomers and development of the mining industry. The situation was extremely unstable in single-industry urban-type settlements closely associated with mining enterprises, most of which were liquidated before 2000. Differences in the stability/instability of both the status of the population and settlement pattern and differences in resilience/vulnerability as properties inherent to these systems at all spatial levels (from regional to individual settlements) are more pronounced during years of crisis and are smoothed out during periods of relatively stable development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Resilience of territories: limits of destruction and factors of strengthening. http://uran.ru/node/2855 (accessed November 25, 2018).

  2. Resilience of territories: limits of destruction and factors of strengthening. http://uran.ru/node/2855 (accessed November 25, 2018).

  3. Resilience of territories: limits of destruction and factors of strengthening. http://uran.ru/node/2855 (accessed November 25, 2018).

  4. In 2015, the district was transformed into urban municipal district of Egvekinot.

  5. The “intra-Russian colony” is defined by the authors as the region into which migration flows of Russians were directed and the development of which depended on central government policy. The term is used to show that Chukotka developed owing to Moscow, not vice versa, and is used by the authors in a neutral sense.

  6. In 2015, the district was transformed into Pevek urban municipal district.

  7. In 2015, the district was transformed into Providensky urban municipal district.

  8. Since 2003, virtually no one has lived in the village; according to 2010 data, there was no permanent population (see Scheme of Spatial Planning of Iultinsky Municipal District. http://эгвекинот.рф/communal/building/shema-territorialnogoplanirovaniya (accessed July 15, 2016)); however, in 2014, a new modular military town was opened here, Polyarnaya Zvezda.

  9. Decree of the Government of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug no. 117 of February 13, 2015, On Approval of the Regulation on the Procedure for Providing Citizens Permanently Residing in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug with One-Time Financial Support for Employment Resettlement from the Rural Village of Yanranai to the City of Pevek in 2015. http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/chukotka/609959 (accessed August 16, 2017).

  10. Aliskerovo. http://foto-planeta.com/np/1024/aliskerovo.html(accessed date 01/10/2018); URBAN 3P Project. Cities. https://urban3p.ru/category/cities (accessed June 7, 2017).

  11. RF Government Decree No. 700 of July 10, 1995 (ed. September 9, 1996) On the Federal Target Program “Construction of Housing in the Russian Federation for Citizens Departing the Extreme North and Equivalent Locations”. https://zakonbase.ru/content/part/107132 (accessed October 15, 2015).

  12. World Bank 2010. Russian Federation – Northern Restructuring Project (English). Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/586881468303880427/Russian-Federation-North-Restructuring-Project (accessed December 10, 2015).

REFERENCES

  1. Abdullaeva, R.A., Instability as one of the possible states of the social system, Usp. Sovrem. Estestvozn., 2014, no. 11, pp. 118–121.

  2. Abdullaeva, R.A., Stability as one of the possible states of the social system, Sots.-Ekon. Tekh. Sist.: Issled., Proekt., Optim., 2006, no. 12, p. 1.

  3. Bol’shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya (Great Soviet Encyclopedia), Prokhorov, A.M., Ed., Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1969–1978, vols. 1, 2, 4, 5, 11–14, 20, 29.

  4. Vazhenin, S.G. and Vazhenina, I.S., The resilience of the territory in a competitive economic space, Reg.: Ekon. Sotsiol., 2015, no. 2 (86), pp. 175–199.

  5. Gaeva, I.V., Transformation of the functions of rural settlements of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Moscow: Inst. Geogr., Russ. Acad. Sci., 2011.

  6. Goncharenko, A.V., Social stability and national security of Russia, Cand. Sci. (Soc.) Dissertation, Moscow, 2001.

  7. Interview with S.P. Kurdyumov, Vopr. Filos., 1991, no. 6, pp. 53–57.

  8. Karachurina, L.B., Demographic transformation of post-Soviet cities of Russia, Reg. Res. Russ., 2014, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 56–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Litvinenko, T.V., Post-Soviet transformation of resource use and its impact on population dynamics in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2013, no. 2, pp. 30–42.

  10. Milovanov, E.V., Exploitation of the Far East, Ekon. Zhizn’Dal’nego Vost., 1994, vol. 3, pp. 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ovsyannikov, A.S., Modern settlement pattern of population in the old-developed region of Russia (a case study of Voronezh oblast), Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Voronezh, 2014.

  12. Annual Report on Internal Migration in Japan Derived from the Basic Resident Registration. Tokyo: Statistics Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, 2012. https://www.e-stat.go.jp/dbview?sid=0003082463. Accessed May 10, 2017.

  13. Pilyasov, A.N., Gal’tseva, N.V., and Atamanova, E.A., The economics of the Arctic “islands” (a case study of the Nenets and Chukotka autonomous okrugs), Ekon. Reg., 2017, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 114–125. https://doi.org/10.17059/2017-1-11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Prigogine, I., The philosophy of instability, Futures, 1989, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 396–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rossiya: Federal’nye okruga i regiony (geografiya, nedra, istoriya, naselenie, religiya, vlast’, ekonomika, sotsial’naya sfera, dostoprimechatel’nosti, strategiya razvitiya). Entsiklopediya (Russia: Federal Districts and Regions (Geography, Mineral Resources, History, Population, Religion, Governance, Economics, Social Life, Attractions, and Development Strategy). Encyclopedia), Sevruk, M.A., Ed., Moscow: Sodruzhestvo, 2006–2007, 4th ed.

  16. Frank, S.L., Nepostizhimoe (Incomprehensible), St. Petersburg, 1912.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Khaknazarov, S.Kh., Sustainable development of small peoples of the North: theoretical and sociological analysis, Vestn. Ugroved., 2013, no. 4 (15), pp. 118–124.

  18. Chernyavskii, I.F., Concept of resilience, Ekonomist, 2008, no. 5, pp. 71–77.

  19. Alwang, J., Siegel, P.B., and Jorgensen, S.L., Vulnerability: Viewed from Different Disciplines, Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes no. 23304, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248360266_Vulnerability_as_Viewed_from_Different_Disciplines. Accessed March 6, 2018.

  20. Arctic Resilience Interim Report 2013, Stockholm: Stockholm Environ. Inst. Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2013. https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/ArcticResilienceInterimReport2013-LowRes.pdf. Accessed February 5, 2018.

  21. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., and Wisner, B., At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters, New York: Routledge, 2004, 2nd ed.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cutter, S.L., Boruff, B.J., and Shirley, W.L., Social vulnerability to environmental hazards, Soc. Sci. Q., 2003, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 242–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Duerden, F.A., Critical look at sustainable development in the Canadian north, Arctic, 1992, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 219–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Heleniak, T., Out-migration and depopulation of the Russian north during the 1990s, Post-Sov. Geogr. Econ., 1999, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 155–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hill, F. and Gaddy, C.G., Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Izaak, S.I., Human potential formation in the context of the implementation of the United Nations Development Program, ISJ Theor.Appl. Sci., 2017, vol. 12, no. 56, pp. 188–192. https://doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2017.12.56.30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kumo, K., Migration and Regional Development in the Soviet Union and Russia: A Geographical Approach, Moscow: Beck, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kumo, K., Inter-regional population migration in Russia: using an origin-to-destination matrix, Post-Communist Econ., 2007, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 131–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Litvinenko, T. and Kumo, K., Post-soviet period changes in resource utilization and their impact on population dynamics in Chukotka autonomous okrug (Russia), Geogr., Environ.,Sustainability, 2017, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 66–86. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2017-11-3-66-86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mulvihill, P.R. and Jacobs, P., Towards new south/north development strategies in Canada, Alternatives, 1991. Vol.10, no. 2, pp. 34–39.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Murphy, D.J., Wyborn, C., Yung, L., and Williams, D.R., Key Concepts and Methods in Social Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity, Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mt. Res. Stn., 2015. http://www.academia.edu/20101540/Key_Concepts_and_Methods_in_Social_Vulnerability_and_Adaptive_Capacity?auto=download. Accessed March 10, 2018.

  32. Neil, A.W., Vulnerability, Global Environ. Change, 2006, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 268–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Parsons, T., Politics and Social Structure, New York: The Free Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Petrov, A., Post-staple bust: modeling economic effects of mine closures and post-mine demographic shifts in an arctic economy (Yukon), Polar Geogr., 2010, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 39–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sengupta, C., Political and social stability: ideas, paradoxes and prospects, Econ. Polit. Weekly, 2004, vol. 39, no. 48, pp. 5101–5105. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4415833. Accessed June 15, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sommerkorn, M., et al., A resilience approach to social-ecological systems: central concepts and concerns, in Arctic Resilience Interim Report 2013, Stockholm: Stockholm Environ. Inst. Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2013, chap. 2, pp. 15–25.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Thompson, N., Migration and resettlement in Chukotka: a research note, Eurasian Geogr. Econ., 2004, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 73–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

K. Kumo’s research was funded by a research grant (B) (19H01478) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sports and a scholarship from the Japan Securities Fund. T.V. Litvinenko’s was carried out under the state-ordered research theme of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences (no. 0148-2019-0008 “Problems and Prospects of the Russia’s Territorial Development in Terms of Its Unevenness and Global Instability”) , the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-05-00822) and the Program of the Presidium of the RAS no. 53 “Spatial Restructuring of Russia Taking into Account Geopolitical, Socioeconomic, and Geoecological Challenges”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

    K. Kumo

  2. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    T. V. Litvinenko

Authors
  1. K. Kumo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. V. Litvinenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to K. Kumo or T. V. Litvinenko.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumo, K., Litvinenko, T.V. Instability and Stability in the Population Dynamics of Chukotka and Its Settlements in the Post-Soviet Period: Regional Features and Intraregional and Local Differences. Reg. Res. Russ. 10, 71–85 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520010050

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520010050

Keywords:

Search

Navigation