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Adaptation of Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) to Hypo- and Hyperosmotic Environment: Hemocyte Response

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Abstract

Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) is an alien bivalve mollusk that has successfully colonized the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov despite a significantly lower salinity level of these waters compared to its native region. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of erythrocytes from A. kagoshimensis during adaptation to hypo- and hyperosmotic experimental conditions were analyzed by light microscopy. The control group of mollusks was maintained at 18‰ salinity. Experimental groups were maintained at the salinity levels of 8, 14, 35, and 45‰. A decreased salinity level was obtained by diluting seawater with distilled water at a rate of 1.5 ± 0.5‰ per day. An increased salinity was obtained by addition of sea salt to an aquarium at a rate of 2.5 ± 0.5‰ per day. The exposure period was 2 days. The natural salinity range of A. kagoshimensis was found to fall within 14—35‰. No significant cell morphology changes were observed under such conditions. At the same time, exposure of the mollusks to the environmental salinity of 8 and 45‰ caused an obvious stress expressed via appearance of cell anomalies and changes in the linear characteristics of erythrocytes. At the same time, no cell lysis was observed, and the values of the specific surface area and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio remained unchanged. The results of the study indicate the ability of the mollusk to survive for some time in an aquatic environment with extremely low or high salinity.

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Funding

The study of the effect of a hypoosmotic load on the hemocytes of A. kagoshimensis was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Federal Research Center Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas “Principles of the Immune System Organization in Food Hydrobionts and the Study of the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Functioning of Their Defense Systems” (theme no. 121102500161-4).

The study of the effect of a hyperosmotic load on the hemocytes of A. kagoshimensis was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Federal Research Center Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas “Functional, Metabolic, and Toxicological Aspects of the Occurrence of Hydrobionts and Their Populations in Biotopes Differing in Their Physicochemical Regimes” (theme no. 121041400077-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 299011, Sevastopol, Russia

    T. A. Kukhareva, V. N. Rychkova, A. A. Soldatov, A. Yu. Andreeva & E. S. Kladchenko

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  1. T. A. Kukhareva
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  2. V. N. Rychkova
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  3. A. A. Soldatov
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  4. A. Yu. Andreeva
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  5. E. S. Kladchenko
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to T. A. Kukhareva, V. N. Rychkova, A. A. Soldatov, A. Yu. Andreeva or E. S. Kladchenko.

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ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

All experimental protocols were performed in accordance with the EU guidelines on the use of animals for experimental and other scientific purposes (86/609/CEE) and in compliance with the rules approved by the Order of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences no. 12000-496 (April 2, 1980) and the Order of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education no. 22 (September 13, 1984). All efforts were made to use the minimum number of animals required to obtain reliable scientific data.

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The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Translated by N. Statsyuk

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Kukhareva, T.A., Rychkova, V.N., Soldatov, A.A. et al. Adaptation of Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) to Hypo- and Hyperosmotic Environment: Hemocyte Response. Russ J Biol Invasions 14, 581–587 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111723040094

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