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Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological State of Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) from Various Habitat Conditions: Lake (Natural Habitat), Ponds, and Fish Farm Cages

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Abstract

Studies of the physiological state of 3-year-old pikeperch from a lake (natural habitat), ponds, and fish farm cages show significant differences in the size, mass, biochemical, hematological, and histophysiological parameters of fish. Farmed fish are larger (length 26.2 cm; weight 242.1 g) than lake individuals (27.6 cm and 278.2 g, vs. 23.7 cm and 162.6 g in pond pikeperch) and have higher index values of liver (3.68 vs. 1.42 and 1.03% in lake and pond fish, respectively), gonads (0.73 vs. 0.15 and 0.08%), and abdominal fat (8.61 vs. 1.87 and 2.30%). The chemical composition of the body of farmed fish is characterized by a large quantity of lipids (9.4 vs. 2.5 and 3.6%, respectively) and nitrogen-free extracts (NFEs) (3.4 vs. 2.5 and 2.4%), muscle—protein (21.0 vs. 19.0 and 19.2%), and liver—lipids (26.6 vs. 11.1 and 7.5%, respectively) and NFEs (9.6 vs. 1.9 and 2.5%), as well as low moisture (51.7 vs. 69.3 and 71.5%), protein (11.2 vs. 16.6 and 17.2%), ash (0.9 vs. 1.1 and 1.3%), and vitamin C (67.5 vs. 87.9 and 97.6%) contents. The fatty acid (FA) composition of the muscle lipids of farmed fish is generally comparable to that of lake and pond fish—the main groups of FAs are at a similar level: polyunsaturated FAs in the range of 37.0–40.6% of the total FAs, saturated FAs 25.5–29.6%, and monounsaturated FAs 28.0 and 23.2% in farmed and lake fish and 17.5% in pond fish. The content of arachidonic acid 20:4n-6 in farmed fish is extremely low (1.0 vs. 8.0 and 11.5% of the total FAs). Liver lipids of farmed fish contain a large amount of oleic acid 18:1n-9 (30.3 vs. 16.2 and 15.0% of the total FAs in lake and pond fish) and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (17.5 vs. 8.4 and 7.1%), in particular, linoleic acid 18:2n-6 (7.0 vs. 1.9 and 0.2%). The blood of farmed fish, compared to pond fish, differs in a lower content of hemoglobin (64.8 vs. 74.8 g/L) and an increased content of immature lymphocytes (11.6 vs. 6.1%) and immature erythrocytes (2.2 vs. 1.1%). The gonads of farmed fish are at stage III of maturity with an average oocyte diameter of 478.9 µm; lake fish has two stages of oocyte maturity—the previtellogenic oocytes of protoplasmic growth, 62.7 µm in size, and significantly larger vitellogenic oocytes of trophoplasmic growth, 227.6 µm. In pond pikeperch, gonads correspond to stage II of maturity and oocytes are 58.3 µm in size. Certain differences in pikeperch from lakes, ponds, and farm conditions are associated with the different conditions in which they are kept and fed.

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Funding

This work was carried out as part of State Task no. 730000F.99.1.BV10AA00006, topic no. 31.3 “Development of Technological Documentation for Model Farms for Obtaining Juveniles and the Commercial Rearing of Fish That are Promising Aquaculture Objects,” and was partially financed by the OOO Forvat fish farm, where the research was carried out.

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  1. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (St. Petersburg branch) (Berg National Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries), 199053, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Lyutikov, A. E. Korolev, A. K. Shumilina, Yu. N. Lukina, M. M. Vylka & A. S. Prishchepa

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The sampling of fish in the current research was performed in accordance with legislation of the Russian Federation. The method corresponds to contemporary recommended practices (EU Directive 2010/63/EU), and was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of State Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries (St. Petersburg, Russia).

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Lyutikov, A.A., Korolev, A.E., Shumilina, A.K. et al. Comparative Characteristics of the Physiological State of Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) from Various Habitat Conditions: Lake (Natural Habitat), Ponds, and Fish Farm Cages. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 17, 208–218 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425524020057

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