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Role of Water-Soluble Forms of Toxicants in the Formation of Toxic Properties of Natural and Waste Water

  • CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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Abstract

Cytogenetic methods based on the analysis of chromosome changes in somatic mammalian cells are promising techniques for the early recognition of toxic effects arising from anthropogenic pollution of environmental objects. The genetic changes in somatic cells are an integral parameter of the mutagenic effect of the environment and the effectiveness of the immune system of organisms. In this work, the method of analysis of toxic properties based on determining the frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations during the short-term (within 2 h) exposure of mammalian cell cultures to a test water sample is used to study the toxic properties of natural and waste water with different levels of anthropogenic pollution. It is shown that the contribution to the genotoxicity of the analyzed native water samples from water-soluble substances that cannot be extracted with a mixture of hexane and ethyl ether can reach 50–75%, while the contribution of organic substances extracted with organic solvents can be only 2–3%. Water-soluble compounds of reduced sulfur play a key role in the formation of toxic properties of natural and waste waters. Using benzo[a]pyrene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) as an example, it is found that the genotoxic properties of even the most hydrophobic toxicants are determined by their dissolved form and can manifest themselves starting from a concentration of 10 ng/L. A comparative analysis with the Ames test, which is widely used in the study of the mutagenic activity of various toxicants, indicates that the cytogenetic method is a much more informative and sensitive method for monitoring the chemical safety of water bodies.

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Funding

This study was conducted within Program of Fundamental Research no. 46.15 of the Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, State Assignment no. 0082-2014-0005. State registration number in the Center of Information Technologies and Systems is AAAA-A17-117091220076-4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    E. V. Stamm, Yu. I. Skurlatov & A. V. Roshchin

  2. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    V. O. Shvydkii

  3. All-Russian Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Semenyak

Authors
  1. E. V. Stamm
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  2. Yu. I. Skurlatov
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  3. A. V. Roshchin
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  4. V. O. Shvydkii
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  5. L. V. Semenyak
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Correspondence to E. V. Stamm.

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Translated by O. Kadkin

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Stamm, E.V., Skurlatov, Y.I., Roshchin, A.V. et al. Role of Water-Soluble Forms of Toxicants in the Formation of Toxic Properties of Natural and Waste Water. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 13, 986–992 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793119060095

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990793119060095

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