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Cofilin: Molecular and Cellular Functions and Its Role in the Functioning of the Nervous System

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Abstract

Actin-binding proteins and, in particular, members of the actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin family, are involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in response to various intracellular and extracellular signals. Recent studies point to the exceptional role of this group of proteins in the development and functioning of the nervous system. This review presents the latest data on the functions of cofilin in the cell and the signaling pathways involved in its regulation. Special attention is paid to studies of the relationship between cofilin and actin dynamics in such processes as the control of synaptic plasticity, apoptosis of neurons, and neuroinflammation. We show the molecular mechanisms of cofilin activation-inactivation and the specific structure of actin in nerve cells during neurodegeneration in the in vitro and in vivo models. We review new directions in the study of cofilin and related proteins as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system.

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Abbreviations

ADF:

actin-depolymerizing factor

Aip1:

actin interacting protein 1

Arp2:

actin-related protein 2

Aβ:

β-amyloid

CFL1:

cofilin 1

CFL2:

cofilin 2

CREB:

cAMP response element-binding protein

IL1β:

interleukin 1β

IL6:

interleukin 6

iNOS:

inducible NO-synthase

LilrB2:

leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2

LIMK1:

LIM kinase 1

LIMK2:

LIM kinase 2

MAPKAP kinase 2:

MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2

NLS:

nuclear localization signal

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

p38MAPK:

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

PAK:

p21-activated kinase

PI3K:

phosphoinositide-3-kinase

PirB:

paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B

PLD1:

phospholipase D1

PP1:

protein phosphatase 1

PP2A:

protein phosphatase 2A

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homolog

Rock1:

Rho-kinase 1

SSH:

slingshot protein phosphatase

TESK:

testis specific kinase

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

PIP2:

phopsphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate

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Kovaleva, T.F., Maksimova, N.S., Zhukov, I.Y. et al. Cofilin: Molecular and Cellular Functions and Its Role in the Functioning of the Nervous System. Neurochem. J. 13, 11–19 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712419010124

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712419010124

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