Abstract
We consider the roaming mechanism for chemical reactions under the nonholonomic constraint of constant kinetic energy. Our study is carried out in the context of the Hamiltonian isokinetic thermostat applied to Chesnavich’s model for an ion-molecule reaction. Through an analysis of phase space structures we show that imposing the nonholonomic constraint does not prevent the system from exhibiting roaming dynamics, and that the origin of the roaming mechanism turns out to be analogous to that found in the previously studied Hamiltonian case.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnol’d, V. I., Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed., Grad. Texts in Math., vol. 60, New York: Springer, 1989.
Bowman, J. M., Skirting the Transition State, a New Paradigm in Reaction Rate Theory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103, no., 44, pp. 16061–16062.
Bowman, J. M. and Shepler, B. C., Roaming Radicals, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 2011, vol. 62, pp. 531–553.
Bowman, J. M. and Suits, A. G., Roaming Reactions: The Third Way, Phys. Today, 2011, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 33–37.
Bowman, J. M., Roaming, Mol. Phys., 2014, vol. 112, no. 19, pp. 2516–2528.
Chesnavich, W. J., Multiple Transition States in Unimolecular Reactions, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 2615–2619.
Collins, P., Ezra, G. S., and Wiggins, S., Phase Space Structure and Dynamics for the Hamiltonian Isokinetic Thermostat, J. Chem. Phys., 2010, vol. 133, no. 1, 014105, 18 pp.
Dettmann, C. P. and Morriss, G. P., Hamiltonian Formulation of the Gaussian Isokinetic Thermostat, Phys. Rev. E, 1996, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 2495–2500.
Ezra, G. S. and Wiggins, S., Impenetrable Barriers in Phase Space for Deterministic Thermostats, J. Phys. A, 2009, vol. 42, no. 4, 042001, 11 pp.
Ezra, G. S. and Wiggins, S., The Chesnavich Model for Ion-Molecule Reactions: A Rigid Body Coupled to a Particle, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Engrg., 2019, vol. 29, no. 2, 1950025, 9 pp.
Jiménez Madrid, J. A. and Mancho, A. M., Distinguished Trajectories in Time Dependent Vector Fields, Chaos, 2009, vol. 19, no. 1, 013111, 18 pp.
Krajňák, V. and Waalkens, H., The Phase Space Geometry Underlying Roaming Reaction Dynamics, J. Math. Chem., 2018, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 2341–2378.
Krajňák, V. and Wiggins, S., Influence of Mass and Potential Energy Surface Geometry on Roaming in Chesnavich’s CH +4 Model, J. Chem. Phys., 2018, vol. 149, no. 9, 094109, 47 pp.
Litniewski, M., Molecular Dynamics Method for Simulating the Constant Temperature Volume and Temperature-Pressure System, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, vol. 97, no. 15, pp. 3842–3848.
Lopesino, C., Balibrea, F., Wiggins, S., and Mancho, A. M., Lagrangian Descriptors for Two Dimensional, Area Preserving, Autonomous and Nonautonomous Maps, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 2015, vol. 27, nos. 1–3, pp. 40–51.
Mauguière, F. A. L., Collins, P., Ezra, G. S., Farantos, S. C., and Wiggins, S., Multiple Transition States and Roaming in Ion-Molecule Reactions: A Phase Space Perspective, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2014, vol. 592, pp. 282–287.
Mauguière, F. A. L., Collins, P., Ezra, G. S., Farantos, S. C., and Wiggins, S., Roaming Dynamics in Ion-Molecule Reactions: Phase Space Reaction Pathways and Geometrical Interpretation, J. Chem. Phys., 2014, vol. 140, no. 13, 134112, 44 pp.
Mauguière, F. A. L., Collins, P., Kramer, Z. C., Carpenter, B. K., Ezra, G. S., Farantos, S. C., and Wiggins, S., Phase Space Barriers and Dividing Surfaces in the Absence of Critical Points of the Potential Energy: Application to Roaming in Ozone, J. Chem. Phys., 2016, vol. 144, no. 5, 054107, 35 pp.
Mauguière, F. A. L., Collins, P., Kramer, Z. C., Carpenter, B. K., Ezra, G. S., Farantos, S. C., and Wiggins, S., Roaming: A Phase Space Perspective, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 2017, vol. 68, pp. 499–524.
Minary, P., Martyna, G. J., and Tuckerman, M. E., Algorithms and Novel Applications Based on the Isokinetic Ensemble: 1. Biophysical and Path Integral Molecular Dynamics, J. Chem. Phys., 2003, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 2510–2526.
Minary, P., Martyna, G. J., and Tuckerman, M. E., Algorithms and Novel Applications Based on the Isokinetic Ensemble: 2. Ab initio Molecular Dynamics, J. Chem. Phys., 2003, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 2527–2538.
Morishita, T., Generalized Coupling to a Heat Bath: Extension of the Gaussian Isokinetic Dynamics and Effect of Time Scaling, J. Chem. Phys., 2003, vol. 119, no. 14, pp. 7075–7082.
Morriss, G. P. and Dettmann, C. P., Thermostats: Analysis and Application, Chaos, 1998, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 321–336.
Suits, A. G., Roaming Atoms and Radicals: A New Mechanism in Molecular Dissociation, Acc. Chem. Res., 2008, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 873–881.
Townsend, D., Lahankar, S. A., Lee, S. K., Chambreau, S. D, Suits, A. G., Zhang, X., Rheinecker, J., Harding, L. B., and Bowman, J. M., The Roaming Atom: Straying from the Reaction Path in Formaldehyde Decomposition, Science, 2004, vol. 306, no. 5699, pp. 1158–1161.
Uzer, T., Jaffé, Ch., Palacián, J., Yanguas, P., and Wiggins, S., The Geometry of Reaction Dynamics, Nonlinearity, 2002, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 957–992.
Waalkens, H., Schubert, R., and Wiggins, S., Wigner’s Dynamical Transition State Theory in Phase Space: Classical and Quantum, Nonlinearity, 2008, vol. 21, no. 1, R1–R118.
Wiggins, S., Wiesenfeld, L., Jaffé, C., and Uzer, T., Impenetrable Barriers in Phase-Space, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, vol. 86, no. 24, pp. 5478–5481.
Wiggins, S., The Role of Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifolds (NHIMs) in the Context of the Phase Space Setting for Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Regul. Chaotic Dyn., 2016, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 621–638.
van Zee, R. D., Foltz, M. F., and Moore, C. B., Evidence for a Second Molecular Channel in the Fragmentation of Formaldehyde, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 1664–1673.
Funding
We acknowledge the support of EPSRC Grant no. EP/P021123/1 and Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-01-1-0769).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krajňák, V., Ezra, G.S. & Wiggins, S. Roaming at Constant Kinetic Energy: Chesnavich’s Model and the Hamiltonian Isokinetic Thermostat. Regul. Chaot. Dyn. 24, 615–627 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560354719060030
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560354719060030