Skip to main content
Log in

Glass Formation in the PbO–GeO2 System

  • Published:
Glass Physics and Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The glass-forming region in the PbO–GeO2 system is studied. To increase the glass-forming limit in this system, the tempering rate of the samples has to be increased using special methodological practices. The dependence of the temperature of the synthesis of lead germanate glass on the PbO content is obtained. It is shown that the corrosion of alumina crucibles proceeded during the synthesis of lead germanate glass. The dependence of the thickness of the corroded layer of the alumina crucible wall on the time of the synthesis of the glass of the 55PbO · 45GeO2 composition, mol % at 900°С is obtained. It is proved that the obtained glass is X-ray amorphous within the whole range of compositions in the PbO–GeO2 system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Valenkov, N.N. and Porai-Koshits, E.A., About chemical compounds in the PbO–SiO2 system in the crystalline state, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1935, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 757–761.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Babcock, C.L., Silicate Glass Technology Methods, New York: Wiley, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lezal, D., Pedlikova, J., and Horak, J., GeO2–PbO glassy system for infrared fibers for delivery of Er: YAG laser energy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1996, vol. 196, pp. 178–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Topping, J.A., Harrower, I.T., and Murthy, M.K., Properties and structure of glasses in the system PbO–GeO2, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1974, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 209–212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ivanov, A.O. and Evstrop’ev, K.S., On the structure of the simplest germanate glasses, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1962, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 797–800.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Murthy, M.K. and Kirby, E.M., Infra-red spectra of alkali-germanate glasses, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 1964, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 144–146.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Morozov, V.N. and Sharonova, N.N., Oscillatory spectra and the structure of lead germanate glasses, Opt. Spektrosk., 1969, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 467–469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kolesova, V.A., Investigation of the structure of PbO–SO3–GeO2 system glasses by IR absorption spectra, Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1980, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 247–249.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Oyamada, R. and Hagiwara, H., Raman spectra of glassy PbO–GeO2 and PbO–B2O3 system, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. (Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi), 1978, vol. 86, nos. 992/4, pp. 151–158.

  10. Canale, J.E., Condrate, R.A., Nassau, K., and Cornilsen, B.C., Characterization of various glasses in the binary PbO–GeO2 and Bi2O3–GeO2 systems, J. Can. Ceram. Soc., 1986, vol. 55, pp. 50–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ribeiro, S.J.L., Dexpert-Ghys, J., Piriou, B., and Mastelaro, V.R., Structural studies in lead germanate glasses: EXAFS and vibrational spectroscopy, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1993, vol. 159, no. 3, pp. 213–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Denisov, V.M., Irtyugo, L.A., Istomin, S.A., Denisova, L.T., Shubin, A.A., and Pastukhov, E.A., The study of certain properties of liquid and solid GeO2–PbO system, Rasplavy, 2010, no. 4, pp. 3–10.

  13. Kabanov, O.V., Podol’skaya, T.M., and Yanush, O.V., Raman spectra and structure of the PbO–SiO2 glasses, Glass Phys. Chem., 1996, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 19–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Faraday, M., The Bakerian Lecture. On the manufacture of glass for optical purposes, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 1830, vol. 120, pt. 1, pp. 1–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gifford, J.W., The existing limits of uniformity in producing optical glass, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1912, vo. 87, no. 594, pp. 189–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zschokke, W., Homogenitat des optischen Glases, Zeitschr. Instrumentenk., 1909, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 286–289.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shvetsov, B.S., About flaking glass when it hardens, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 7: Otd. Mat. Estestv. Nauk, 1931, no. 8, pp. 1141–1150.

  18. Voitova, V.M., Kulikova, O.V., Lotarev, S.V., Sigaev, V.N., Koltashev, V.V., and Plotnichenko, V.G., Study of glass-forming systems PbO–GeO2 and PbO– B2O3 using Raman spectroscopy, Usp. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2007, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 47–51.

    Google Scholar 

  19. El’berg, M.S., Phase relations in metastable states of the PbO–GeO2 system, Cand. Sci. (Chem.) Dissertation, Krasnoyarsk, 2013.

  20. Piryutko, M.M., Benediktova, N.V., and Korsak, L.F., An improved method for the determination of silicon in the form of a quinoline–silica–molybdenum complex, Steklo Keram., 1981, no. 8, pp. 30–31.

  21. Schwarzenbach, G. and Flaschka, H., Die komplexometrische Titration, Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vasilevskaya, T.N., Golubkov, V.V., and Porai-Koshits, E.A., On the structure of glasses of the B2O3– GeO2 system according to the data of the RMU, Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1981, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 31–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ushakov, V.M., Viscosity of glasses of the PbO–GeO2 system, Report at the Laboratory Seminar of the Laboratory of the Structure and Properties of Glass, Oct. 24, 1989.

  24. Klyuev, V.P., Automatic quartz dilatometer, in Kratkie tez. I Vses. soveshch. “Metody i pribory dlya tochnykh dilatometricheskikh issledovanii materialov v shirokom diapazone temperatury (Proceedings of the I All-Union Meeting on Methods and Instruments for Accurate Dilatometric Studies of Materials in a Wide Temperature Range), Leningrad, 1973, pp. 77–81.

  25. Klyuev, V.P. and Totesh, A.S., Metody i apparatura dlya kontrolya vyazkosti stekla (Methods and Apparatus for Controlling the Viscosity of Glass), Moscow, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kabanov, O.V. and Yanush, O.V., On the existence of structural elements of a certain composition in oxide glasses, Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1987, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 524–535.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Karapetyan, G.O., Maksimov, L.V., and Yanush, O.V., Physical consequences of inhomogeneous glass structure from scattered light spectroscopy data, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1990, vol. 126, nos. 1–2, pp. 93–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wallace, R.M. and Katz, S.M., A method for the determination of rank in the analysis of absorption spectra of multicomponent systems, J. Phys. Chem., 1964, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 3890–3892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mukhitdinova, I.A., Sycheva, G.A., Yanush, O.V., Maksimov, L.V., and Markova, T.S., Design of low scattering and IR transparent glasses on the base of constant stoichiometry groupings concept, Opt. Mater., 2006, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1309–1316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gusarova, T.S., Apakova, I.E., Polyakova, I.G., Sycheva, G.A., and Yanush, O.V., The smallest structural elements of glass determining its properties according to vibrational spectroscopy data, Glass Phys. Chem., 2015, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 42–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank V.P. Klyuev for conducting the Т13 measurements and V.M. Ushakov for the Tg measurements.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. A. Sycheva.

Additional information

Translated by D. Marinin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sycheva, G.A., Polyakova, I.G. & Kostyreva, T.G. Glass Formation in the PbO–GeO2 System. Glass Phys Chem 45, 355–359 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659619050146

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659619050146

Keywords:

Navigation