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Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Solid Propellant Based on Aluminum and Ammonium Perchlorate

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Abstract

Kinetic regularities of the mass loss and heat and-gas release were studied in the thermal decomposition of a solid propellant composed of aluminum, ammonium perchlorate, and a polymer binder. It was shown that, under heating from 40 to 340°C under permanent vacuum conditions, propellant samples decompose without ignition, with the limiting mass loss in the decomposition being 48%. When experiments were performed in air, the propellant formulation decomposes with sharp ignition, with the inflammation temperature (270–287°C) and amount of volatiles released by this instant of time (10–16 wt %) dependent on the heating rate. The kinetic regularities of the mass loss in the decomposition of a solid propellant were described in terms of the polychromatic kinetics model that assumes that the reaction system has ensembles of particles differing in reactivity. The distribution functions of the mass fractions of the propellant by activation energies of decomposition were calculated. The heat release kinetics in the decomposition of a propellant formulation in the temperature range 153–270°C in a closed evacuated system is described by a sum of equations for two parallel reactions: 1st-order reaction with a heat effect Q1 = 200 ± 5 kJ kg–1 and 1st-order autocatalysis with heat effect Q2 = 1900 ± 50 kJ kg–1. The rate constants and the activation parameters of the process were determined.

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Funding

The study was financed by the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, topic “Development of high-energy materials and technologies for promising systems being developed,” State registration no. 008920140019 and financially supported by Program no. 56 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Fundamentals of breakthrough technologies in the interests of national security.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432, Russia

    N. N. Volkova, V. A. Dubovitskii, A. F. Zholudev, G. E. Zaslavskii, A. I. Kazakov, M. B. Kislov, A. V. Nabatova, I. V. Puchkovskii & L. S. Yanovskii

  2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    L. S. Yanovskii

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  1. N. N. Volkova
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  2. V. A. Dubovitskii
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  3. A. F. Zholudev
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  4. G. E. Zaslavskii
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  5. A. I. Kazakov
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  6. M. B. Kislov
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  7. A. V. Nabatova
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  8. I. V. Puchkovskii
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  9. L. S. Yanovskii
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Correspondence to N. N. Volkova.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors state that they have no conflict of interest to be disclosed in the present communication.

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, 2019, Vol. 92, No. 11, pp. 1463−1475.

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Volkova, N.N., Dubovitskii, V.A., Zholudev, A.F. et al. Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Solid Propellant Based on Aluminum and Ammonium Perchlorate. Russ J Appl Chem 92, 1558–1569 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427219110132

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427219110132

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