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Past and present research on the kallikrein-kinin system (on the 90th anniversary of the discovery of the system)

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Abstract

The large number of components of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) and multifunctionality of the system as a whole and that of each of its components enable its participation in the processes of adaptation and organism defense, as well as in many other physiological and pathological states, and serve as the main reasons for unfailing interest in this system during nearly a century of research. The present review is devoted to the main stages of development of research on the KKS, from the first observations of the hypotensive effect of human urine administered to experimental animals to the most recent discoveries that elucidated the structure of the components of the system and enabled cloning and gene mapping of these components. Structure, properties, and posttranslational transformations of individual components of the system are considered. Special attention is paid to KKS activation in blood plasma, since it is the plasma prekallikrein activation that initiates generalized kininogenesis. Novel data on tissue KKS including tissue kallikreins are presented; the genes encoding these proteins are localized in the distal long arm of chromosome 19. Many of these kallikreins are currently considered markers of hormone-dependent malignant tumors.

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Abbreviations

BP:

blood pressure

ACE:

angiotensin-converting enzyme

HMK:

high molecular weight kininogen

KLK:

kallikrein

KKS:

kallikrein-kinin system

LMK:

low molecular weight kininogen

PK:

prekallikrein

CK:

cytokeratin 1

uPAR:

urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

tPA:

tissue plasminogen activator

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  1. Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, ul. Barrikadnaya, 2/1, Moscow, 123995, Russia

    G. A. Yarovaya & A. E. Neshkova

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Original Russian Text © G.A. Yarovaya, A.E. Neshkova, 2015, published in Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya, 2015, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 275–291.

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Yarovaya, G.A., Neshkova, A.E. Past and present research on the kallikrein-kinin system (on the 90th anniversary of the discovery of the system). Russ J Bioorg Chem 41, 245–259 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162015030115

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