Abstract
In the profiles of cryozems (Oxyaquic Turbic Cryosols) developing in tundra of northern Yakutia under conditions of shallow active layer, suprapermafrost horizons of the accumulation of raw organic matter are formed. Taking into account their genesis, stable and regular position in the soil profile, paragenetic links with the overlying horizons and neighboring soil profiles, and a set of diagnostic features and properties, these horizons can be separated as a new type of genetic soil horizons—the organomineral accumulative suprapermafrost horizon (CRO). Its qualitative composition (the ratio of organic and mineral matter in the material) can be reflected at a lower level. In relation to the separation of the new genetic horizon within the framework of the new Russian soil classification system, a new genetic types of soils—cryozem with suprapermafrost accumulation of raw organic matter (suprapermafrost organo-accumulative cryozem)—can be established. Its diagnostic profile has the following horizonation: (O, AO, T)–CR–CRO–┬C.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. D. Vasil’evskaya, “Genetic features of soils in spotty tundra,” Pochvovedenie, No. 7, 20–31 (1979).
V. D. Vasil’evskaya, Soil Formation in Tundras of Central Siberia (Nauka, Moscow, 1980) [in Russian].
S. V. Gubin, “Dynamics of the upper permafrost boundary and humus retinization in tundra soils of Northeastern Russia,” in Problems of Soil Evolution (Pushchino, 2003), pp. 168–172.
S. V. Gubin and A. A. Veremeeva, “Parent materials enriched in organic matter in the northeast of Russia,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 43, 1238–1243 (2010). doi 10.1134/S1064229310110062
S. V. Gubin and A. V. Lupachev, “Soil formation and the underlying permafrost,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 41, 574–585 (2008).
S. V. Gubin and A. V. Lupachev, “Soils of loamy watersheds of coastal tundra in the north of Yakutia: pedogenetic conditions and processes,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 50, 133–141 (2017). doi 10.1134/S1064229317020041
S. V. Gubin, A. V. Lupachev, A. V. Shatilovich, A. P. Myl’nikov, A. Yu. Ryss, and A. A. Veremeeva, “The influence of cryogenic mass exchange on the distribution of viable microfauna in cryozems,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 49, 1400–1413 (2016). doi 10.1134/S1064229316120073
L. G. Elovskaya, E. I. Petrova, and L. V. Teterina, Soils of Northern Yakutia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1979) [in Russian].
I. V. Ignatenko, Soils of the East European Tundra and Forest-Tundra (Nauka, Moscow, 1979) [in Russian].
N. A. Karavaeva, Tundra Soils of Northern Yakutia (Nauka, Moscow, 1969) [in Russian].
N. A. Karavaeva and V. O. Targulian, “On the distribution of humus in tundra soils of Northern Yakutia,” Pochvovedenie, No. 12, 36–45 (1960).
N. A. Karavaeva, V. O. Targulian, A. E. Cherkinskii, et al., Elementary Pedogenetic Processes: Conceptual Analysis, Genetic Features, and Classification (Nauka, Moscow, 1992) [in Russian].
L. L. Shishov, V. D. Tonkonogov, I. I. Lebedeva, and M. I. Gerasimova, Classification and Diagnostic System of Russian Soils (Oikumena, Smolensk, 2004) [in Russian].
Yu. A. Liverovskii, “Soils of the extreme north: genesis and classification,” Pochvovedenie, No. 5, 5–15 (1983).
A. V. Lupachev and S. V. Gubin, “Suprapermafrost organic-accumulative horizons in the tundra cryozems of northern Yakutia,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 45, 45–55 (2012). doi 10.1134/S1064229312010115
A. V. Lupachev and S. V. Gubin, “Role of pedogenesis in the formation and organization of transient permafrost layer,” Kriosfera Zenli 12 (2), 75–83 (2008).
N. S. Mergelov and V. O. Targulian, “Accumulation of organic matter in the mineral layers of permafrostaffected soils of coastal lowlands in East Siberia,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 44, 249–260 (2011). doi 10.1134/S1064229311030069
E. M. Naumov, I. G. Tsyurupa, and M. A. Naumova, “Specific migration of substances in soils of the extreme northeast,” in Soils and Vegetation of Permafrost Regions of Soviet Union (Magadan, 1973), pp. 67–74.
O. M. Parinkina, Microflora of Tundra Soils (Nauka, Leningrad, 1989) [in Russian].
Field Guide for Identification of Russian Soils (Dokuchaev Soil Science Inst., Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
I. A. Sokolov, “Hydromorphic non-gley soil formation,” Pochvovedenie, No. 1, 5–18 (1980).
E. V. Spirina and D. G. Fedorov-Davydov, “Microbiological characterization of cryogenic soils in the Kolymskaya Lowland,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 31(12), 1331–1344 (1998).
D. G. Fedorov-Davydov, S. V. Gubin, and O. V. Makeev, “The content of mobile iron and gleyzation process in soils of the Kolyma Lowland,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 37, 131–142 (2004).
D. G. Fedorov-Davydov, N. S. Mergelov, and M. M. Morozov, “Soil cover of coastal yedomas of the Kolyma Lowland,” Proceedings of International Conference “Permafrost Resources of Polar Regions” (Salekhard, 2007), Vol. 2, pp. 113–166.
L. A. Fominykh, “The peculiarities of soil formation in the Kolyma tundra,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 30, 811–819 (1997).
L. A. Fominykh, B. N. Zolotareva, A. L. Kholodov, and L. T. Shirshova, “Fractional and group composition of soil humus in Eurasian tundra,” Kriosfera Zemli 13 (2), 44–54 (2009).
Yu. L. Shur, The Upper Horizon of Permafrost and Thermokarst (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1988) [in Russian].
J. G. Bockheim and C. Tarnocai, “Recognition of cryoturbation for classifying permafrost-affected soils,” Geoderma 81, 281–293 (1998).
CALM summary data table. https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/data/north.html.
G. J. Michaelson, X. Y. Dai, and C. L. Ping, “Organic matter and bioactivity in cryosols of Arctic Alaska, in Cryosols (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2004), pp. 463–477.
G. J. Michaelson, C. L. Ping, and J. M. Kimble, “Carbon storage and distribution in tundra soil of Arctic Alaska,” U.S.A. Arct. Alp. Res. 28 (4), 414–424 (1996).
Munsell Soil Color Charts: with Genuine Munsell Color Chips (Munsell Color, Grand Rapids, 2010).
C. L. Ping, J. G. Bockheim, J. M. Kimble, and G. J. Michaelson, “Characteristics of cryogenic soils along a latitudinal transect in Arctic Alaska,” J. Geophys. Res. 103, 917–928 (1998).
C. Tarnocai and S. C. Zoltai, “Earth hummock of the Canadian Arctic and Subarctic,” Arct. Alp. Res. 10 (3), 581–594 (1978).
C. Tarnocai and C. A. S. Smith, “The formation and properties of soils in the permafrost region of Canada,” Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cryopedology “The Effects of Cryogenesis on the Processes and Peculiarities of Soil Formation” (Pushchino, 1992), pp. 21–42.
J. C. F. Tedrow, Soils of the Polar Landscapes (Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, 1974).
D. A. Walker, H. E. Epstein, V. E. Romanovsky, et al., “Arctic patterned-ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect,” J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. 113, 1–17 (2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.V. Gubin, A.V. Lupachev, 2018, published in Pochvovedenie, 2018, No. 7, pp. 815–825.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gubin, S.V., Lupachev, A.V. Suprapermafrost Horizons of the Accumulation of Raw Organic Matter in Tundra Cryozems of Northern Yakutia. Eurasian Soil Sc. 51, 772–781 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229318070049
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229318070049