Abstract
Plasma-chemical deposition of a protective coating on the first wall of a fusion device using a chemically active gas (precursor) remains to date one of the primary ways to protect the plasma against cooling impurities. This method has proved effective and does not require the use of additional and expensive equipment. The process in which a boron-containing gas is used as a precursor is referred to as boronization. This paper considers various aspects of using carborane for boronization, including the structure and properties of resultant boron-carbon films; results of boronization for different fusion devices and different precursors; effect of boronization on working plasma pulses; boronization in a low-temperature glow discharge plasma as compared to that in a high-temperature plasma of fusion devices at working pulses with ohmic, ECR, and ICR plasma heating; and the possibility of using boronization during operation of fusion devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, Ed. by R. H. Huddlestone and S. L. Leonard (Academic, New York, 1965).
J. Winter, F. Waelbroeck, P. Wienhold, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 122–123, 1187 (1984).
S. A. Grashin, G. E. Notkin, Yu. A. Sokolov, et al., Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sintez, No. 2, 68 (1988).
V. M. Chicherov, Yu. V. Esipchuk, S. A. Grashin, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 162–164, 737 (1989).
N. P. Busharov, V. M. Gusev, and M. I. Guseva, Sov. At. Energy 42, 554 (1977).
O. I. Buzhinskij and Yu. M. Semenets, Fusion Eng. Des. 45, 343 (1999).
S. Veprek, M. R. Hague, and H. R. Oswald, J. Nucl. Mater. 63, 405 (1976).
J. Winter, H. G. Esser, L. Könen, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 162–164, 713 (1989).
U. Schneider, W. Paschenreider, M. Bessenrodt, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 350 (1990).
Ch. Hollenstein and B. P. Duval, J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 343 (1990).
H. F. Dylla, M. G. Bell, R. J. Hawryluk, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 337 (1990).
J. Winter, H. G. Esser, H. Reimer, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 486 (1990).
H. G. Esser, S. J. Fielding, S. D. Hanks, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 186, 217 (1992).
R. Grimes, Carboranes (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2016).
E. F. Westrum, Jr. and S. Henriquez, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 32, 31 (1976).
A. I. Kanaev, V. M. Sharapov, A. P. Zakharov, et al., Rep. Acad. Sci. USSR. Seriya: Tekh. Fiz. 318, 342 (1991).
V. M. Sharapov, A. I. Kanaev, A. P. Zakharov, and A. E. Gorodetsky, J. Nucl. Mater. 191–194, 508 (1992).
A. P. Zakharov, A. I. Kanaev, V. M. Sharapov, and A. E. Gorodetsky, Le Vide, les Couches Minces, No. 261, 103 (1992).
V. Kh. Alimov, D. B. Bogomolov, M. N. Churaeva, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 196–198, 670 (1992).
R. K. Zalavutdinov, A. E. Gorodetsky, and A. P. Zakharov, Microchim. Acta 114–115, 533 (1994).
Boron: Receiving, Structure, Properties, Proceedings of the Symposium, Ed. by F. N. Tavadze (Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1974).
V. M. Sharapov, A. I. Kanaev, S. Yu. Rybakov, and L. E. Gavrilov, J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222, 930 (1995).
S. Veprek, S. Rambert, M. Heitze, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 162–164, 724 (1989).
V. M. Sharapov, A. I. Kanaev, S. Yu. Rybakov, and L. E. Gavrilov, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 70, 136 (1996).
O. I. Buzhinsky, T-11M Team, A. I. Kanaev, IPC RAS Team, A. A. Vasilyev, and T-3M Team, J. Nucl. Mater. 191–194, 1413 (1992).
S. A. Grashin, V. F. Bogdanov, N. L. Vasin, et al., in Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Lisboa, 1993, Vol. 17C, Part 1, p. 331.
L. G. Askinazi, V. E. Golant, A. I. Kanaev, et al., in Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Lisboa, 1993, Part IV, p. 1509.
V. M. Sharapov, S. V. Mirnov, S. A. Grashin, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222, 730 (1995).
V. K. Gusev, S. V. Aleksandrov, T. A. Burtseva, et al., in Proceedings of the 18th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Sorrento, Italy, October 4–10, 2000, IAEA-CN-77/EXP1/03.
V. K. Gusev, T. A. Burtseva, A. V. Dech, et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 919 (2001).
A. I. Meshcheryakov, O. I. Fedyanin, D. K. Akulina, M. S. Berezhetskii, G. S. Voronov, G. A. Gladkov, S. E. Grebenshchikov, V. A. Grinchuk, I. A. Grishina, L. V. Kolik, N. F. Larionova, A. A. Letunov, V. P. Logvinenko, A. E. Petrov, A. A. Pshenichnikov, et al., in Proceedings of the 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, St. Petersburg, July 7–11, 2003, ECA, Vol. 27A, P-4.4.
A. I. Meshcheryakov, D. K. Akulina, G. M. Batanov, et al., Plasma Phys. Rep. 31, 452 (2005).
S. Yu. Rybakov, V. M. Sharapov, and L. E. Gavrilov, J. Phys. IV 5, C5-921 (1995).
V. M. Sharapov, S. Yu. Rybakov, L. E. Gavrilov, and A. I. Kanaev, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 71, 1946 (1997).
A. Refke, V. Philipps, E. Vietzke, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 212–215, 1255 (1994).
R. Zehringer, H. Künzli, P. Oelhafen, and C. Hollenstein, J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 370 (1990).
R. E. Woodley, Carbon 7, 609 (1969).
L. M. Litz and R. A. Mercuri, J. Electrochem. Soc. 110, 921 (1963).
A. I. Meshcheryakov, V. M. Sharapov, V. P. Logvinenko, and A. A. Letunov, Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sintez, No. 2, 109 (2012).
H. G. Esser, J. Winter, V. Philipps, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 212–215, 1546 (1994).
O. Buzhinskij, V. Otroschenko, and V. Barsuk, J. Nucl. Mater. 390–391, 996 (2009).
A. I. Meshcheryakov, M. S. Berezhetskii, V. P. Logvinenko, et al., Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sintez, No. 2, 65 (2011).
A. I. Meshcheryakov, V. M. Sharapov, I. A. Grishina, et al., Usp. Prikl. Fiz. 4, 248 (2016).
J. Li, Y. P. Zhao, X. M. Gu, et al., Nucl. Fusion 39, 973 (1999).
O. I. Buzhinskij, V. G. Otroshchenko, D. G. Whyte, et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 313–316, 214 (2003).
A. V. Vertkov and I. E. Lyublinskii, Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sintez 40 (3), 5 (2017).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is my pleasure to thank S.V. Mirnov, active initiator of boronization of domestic fusion facilities, for discussion and useful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by L. Mosina
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharapov, V.M. Discharge Chamber Plasma-Chemical Conditioning in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Devices (Review). Phys. Atom. Nuclei 84, 1266–1271 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778821070139
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778821070139