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A search for photometric and spectroscopic evolutionary changes in the young planetary nebula Vy 2-2

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Abstract

The results of long-term photometric and spectroscopic observations of the young compact planetary nebula Vy 2-2 (PNG 045.4-02.7) are presented. The UBV photometry in 1990–2016 has revealed a slight brightness trend in the yearly averaged data, most pronounced in the V band. We have measured the relative fluxes of optical emission lines on the spectrograms taken with the 1.25-m telescope at the Southern Station of the SAI MSU in 1999–2016, estimated the absolute flux in the Hβ line to be F(Hβ) = (2.1 ± 0.4) × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, and determined the interstellar extinction constant c(Hβ) = 1.8. The electron temperature and density in the nebula have been estimated from diagnostic line ratios: Te = (10−12) × 103 K and Ne ≥ 105 cm−3. To detect any possible evolutionary changes, we have compared the new observations with the archival data obtained over the entire history of spectroscopic observations of Vy 2-2. No significant changes in the relative intensities of the strongest emission lines and the integrated flux in the Hβ line exceeding the observational errors have been found. We have revealed a tendency for the intensity ratio F(λ4363)/F(λ4959) to decrease with time, which may be related to a decrease in the electron density in the nebula. Based on our photometric and spectroscopic data, we have estimated the luminosity of the central star of Vy 2-2, which corresponds to the evolutionary tracks for the most massive post-AGB stars of the O-rich sequence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University (SAI MSU), Universitetskii pr. 13, Moscow, 119992, Russia

    V. P. Arkhipova, M. A. Burlak, V. F. Esipov, N. P. Ikonnikova & G. V. Komissarova

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  1. V. P. Arkhipova
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  2. M. A. Burlak
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  3. V. F. Esipov
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  4. N. P. Ikonnikova
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  5. G. V. Komissarova
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Correspondence to M. A. Burlak.

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Original Russian Text © V.P. Arkhipova, M.A. Burlak, V.F. Esipov, N.P. Ikonnikova, G.V. Komissarova, 2017, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 911–924.

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Arkhipova, V.P., Burlak, M.A., Esipov, V.F. et al. A search for photometric and spectroscopic evolutionary changes in the young planetary nebula Vy 2-2. Astron. Lett. 43, 831–843 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773717110019

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