Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Issues of Artificial Propagation of the Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)

  • REVIEW
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) is a valuable commercial species highly demanded in the market. The history of red king crab fishery is also a history of overharvesting crises. The modern approach to sustainable bioresource management suggests various measures including artificial breeding to compensate for the unstable natural recruitment. In this review, the issues of artificial propagation of the red king crab are analyzed: catching and keeping of egg-bearing females until larval hatch, rearing of larvae at different developmental stages, and obtaining and release of juveniles into the natural environment. The biotechnology for keeping and rearing red king crab larvae to the juvenile stage is discussed: water temperature, salinity, and rearing density of larvae, as well as the issues of assessment of rearing efficiency until reaching sexual maturity and recruitment to the commercial stock. The optimization of the release procedure taking into account the natural biotic environment is needed for successful breeding and recruitment to the natural population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Borisov, R.R., Morphology and behavior of decapods (Crustacea: Decapoda) in postembryonic ontogeny, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow: All-Russ. Res. Inst. Fish. Oceanogr., 2020.

  2. Borisov, R.R. and Kovacheva, N.P., Experiments on the keeping of red king crab fry under artificial conditions, in Materialy 2-oi Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Morskie pribrezhnye ekosistemy: vodorosli, bespozvonochnye i produkty ikh pererabotki” (Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. “Marine Coastal Ecosystems: Seaweeds, Invertebrates and Products of Their Processing”), Moscow: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2005, pp. 123–125.

  3. Borisov, R.R., Epelbaum, A.B., Kryakhova, N.V., et al., Cannibalistic behavior in red king crabs reared under artificial conditions, Russ. J. Mar. Biol., 2007, vol. 33, pp. 227–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Efimkin, A.Ya. and Mikulich, L.V., Cultivation of commercial crustaceans, Kamchatka crab, in Kul’tivirovanie tikhookeanskikh bespozvonochnykh i vodoroslei (Cultivation of Pacific Invertebrates and Algae), Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1987, pp. 100−115.

  5. Zubkova, N.A., Experience in keeping the red king crab in an aquarium, Tr. Murm. Morsk. Biol. Inst., 1964, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 105–113.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ivanov, P.Yu. and Shcherbakova, N.V., Experience and problems of growing of red king crab under controlled hatchery conditions, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2005, vol. 143, pp. 305–326.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ilyushchenko, A.M. and Zenzerov, V.S., New data on the tolerance of Barents Sea red king crabs to low salinity, Russ. J. Ecol., 2012, vol. 43, pp. 177–178. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413612020075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Klitin, A.K., Distribution, biology and functional structure of the range of the king crab in waters of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Sakhalin Res. Inst. Fish. Oceanogr., 2002.

  9. Klitin, A.K., Distribution and the duration of development of red king crab larvae near the western coast of Sakhalin, Tr. Sakhalin. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2002, vol. 4, pp. 212−228.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Klitin, A.K., Kamchatskii krab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) u beregov Sakhalina i Kuril’skikh ostrovov: biologiya, raspredelenie i funktsional’naya struktura areala (The Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) off the Coasts of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands: Biology, Distribution and Functional Structure of the Range), Moscow: Nats. Rybn. Resur., 2003.

  11. Kovacheva, N.P., Biotechnology for artificial propagation of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus in a recycled water system, in Materialy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii (Proc. Int. Conf.), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Sakhalin. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2002, vol. 3, pp. 300–308.

  12. Kovacheva, N.P., Propagation and cultivation of marine and freshwater crustaceans of the order Decapoda, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow: All-Russ. Res. Inst. Fish. Oceanogr., 2006.

  13. Kovacheva, N.P., Achievements and prospects for the reproduction and cultivation of the red king crab in shore-based installations, in Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 80-letnemu yubileyu FGUP Kamchatskogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva Okeanografii (Proc. All-Russ. Sci. Conf. Dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of FGUP Kamchatsky All-Russ. Res. Inst. Fish. Oceanogr.), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamch. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2012, pp. 573–580.

  14. Kovacheva, N.P., Borisov, R.R., Kryakhova, N.V., et al., Technological scheme and biotechnical indices of hatchery rearing of red king crab juveniles in aquaculture, Tr. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2018, vol. 172, pp. 172–183.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kovacheva, N.P., Borisov, R.R., Pechenkin, D.S., et al., Early ontogeny of blue and red king crabs under artificial and natural conditions, Rybn. Khoz., 2015, no. 5, pp. 68–75.

  16. Kovacheva, N.P., Borisov, R.R., Pechenkin, D.S., et al., Development, growth and survival of artificially reared juvenile red king crab (Decapoda, Lithodidae) in nature, Rybn. Khoz., 2017, no. 5, pp. 83–88.

  17. Kovacheva, N.P., Kalinin, A.V., Epelbaum, A.B., et al., Kul’tivirovanie kamchatskogo kraba Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), chast’ 1: Osobennosti rannego ontogeneza: Bionormativy i rekomendatsii po iskusstvennomu vosproizvodstvu (Cultivation of the Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), Part 1: Features of Early Ontogeny, Bionormatives and Recommendations on Artificial Reproduction), Moscow: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2005.

  18. Kovacheva, N.P., Kryakhova, N.V., and Borisov, R.R., Strategy for feeding the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) at early development stages under artificial conditions, Tr. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2015, vol. 153, pp. 179−188.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kryakhova, N.V., Zagorsky, I.A., Borisov, R.R., et al., Effect of substrates on the growth and development of the glaucothoe of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Materialy dokladov II mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Vosproizvodstvo estestvennykh populyatsii tsennykh vidov ryb” (Proc. II Int. Conf. “Reproduction of Wild Populations of Valuable Fish Species”), St. Petersburg: Gos. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Ozern. Rechn. Rybn. Khoz., 2013, pp. 214–218.

  20. Levin, V.S., Kamchatskii krab Paralithodes camtschaticus: Biologiya, promysel, vosproizvodstvo (The Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus: Biology, Fishing, Propagation), St. Petersburg: Izhitsa, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pavlov, V.Ya., Zhizneopisanie kraba kamchatskogo Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) (Biography of the Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)), Moscow: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2003.

  22. Parshin-Chudin, A.V., Borisov, R.R., Kovacheva, N.P., et al., Effect of salinity on the survival of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), at early stages of ontogeny, Russ. J. Ecol., 2014, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 150–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pereladov, M.V., Some features of the distribution and behavior of the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in coastal shallows of the Barents Sea, Tr. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2003, vol. 142, pp.103–119.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pechenkin, D.S., Kovacheva, N.P., Kryakhova, N.V., et al., Rearing of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) juveniles under artificial conditions: Dynamics of growth and mortality rates, in Materialy IV Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Prirodnye resursy, ikh sovremennoe sostoyanie, okhrana, promyslovoe i tekhnicheskoe ispol’zovanie” (Proc. IV All-Russ. Sci.-Pract. Conf. “Natural Resources: Their Current State, Protection, Commercial and Technical Use”), 2013, pp. 192–195.

  25. Rodin, V.E., Spatial and functional structure of red king crab populations, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 1985, vol. 110, pp. 86–97.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Slizkin, A. and Safonov, S., Promyslovye kraby prikamchatskikh vod (Commercial Crabs of Kamchatka Waters), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Severnaya Patsifika, 2000.

  27. Starikov, Yu.V., Spiridonov, V.A., Naumov, A.D., et al., First record and potential for red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Crustacea Decapoda Lithodidae) population establishment in the White Sea, Russ. J. Biol. Invasions, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 118–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Stesko, A.V., Distribution and the status of stocks of the red king crab in the Russian territorial waters in the Barents Sea, Vopr. Rybolov., 2015, no. 2, pp. 175–192.

  29. Tarverdieva, M.I., Distribution and feeding of fry of the king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus off the western coast of Kamchatka, Tr. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 1974, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 54−62.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tyrin, D.V., Biotechnological basis for rearing the king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus and the American lobster Homarus americanus in recirculating aquaculture installations, Extended Abstract Cand. Sci. (Agric.) Dissertation, Moscow, 2011.

  31. Epelbaum, A.B., Aphagia of the glaucothoe of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), in VI Vserossiiskaya konferentsiya po promyslovym bespozvonochnym: Tezisy dokladov (VI All-Russ. Conf. On Commercial Invertebrates: Abstracts of Reports), Moscow: Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2002, pp. 67–69.

  32. Abrunhosa, F.A. and Kittaka, J.K., Functional morphology of mouthparts and foregut of the last zoea, glaucothoe and first juvenile of the king crabs Paralithodes camtschaticus, P. brevipes and P. platypus, Fish. Sci., 1997, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 923−930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Abrunhosa, F.A. and Kittaka, J.K., Morphological changes in the midgut, midgut gland and hindgut during the larval and postlarval development of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, Fish. Sci., 1997, vol. 63, pp. 746−754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Brodersen, C.C., Rounds, P.M., and Babcock, M.M., Diet influences cannibalism in laboratory-held juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschatica), in Proceedings of the International Symposium on King and Tanner Crabs, Anchorage: Univ. Alaska Sea Grant Program Rep., 1989, nos. 90–04, pp. 377–382.

  35. Daly, B.J., Red king crab Hatchery Culture and Ecological Requirements: Applications for Stock Enhancement, PhD Dissertation, Alaska: Univ. Alaska Fairbanks, 2012. https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/ handle/11122/9148/Daly_B_2012.pdf;jsessionid=0F015 5522E08645B9FFB6922E108A74E?sequence=1. Accessed January 18, 2022.

  36. Daly, B., Eckert, G., and Long, W.C., Moulding the ideal crab: Implications of phenotypic plasticity for crustacean stock enhancement, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 2021, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 421–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Daly, B., Swingle, J.S., Eckert, G.L., and Persselin, S., Techniques for culture of king crab at the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, 2009. Draft study plan. 2008. https://seagrant.uaf.edu/research/projects/kingcrab/ docs/science-plans/2009-larval-rearing.pdf. Accessed January 18, 2022.

  38. Daly, B., Swingle, J.S., and Eckert, G.L., Effects of diet, stocking density, and substrate on survival and growth of hatchery-cultured red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) juveniles in Alaska, USA, Aquaculture, 2009, vol. 293, pp. 68−73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Daly, B., Swingle, J.S., and Eckert, G.L., Increasing hatchery production of juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) through size grading, Aquaculture, 2012, vols. 364–365, pp. 206–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Drew, C.B., Behavioral ecology of podding red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 1990, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1944−1958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Epelbaum, A.B. and Borisov, R.R., Feeding behavior and functional morphology of the feeding appendages of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus larvae, Mar. Biol. Res., 2006, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 77–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Epelbaum, A.B., Borisov, R.R., and Kovatcheva, N.P., Early development of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus from the Barents Sea reared under laboratory conditions: Morphology and behavior, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., 2006, vol. 86, pp. 317−333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Falk-Petersen, J., Renaud, P., and Anisimova, N., Establishment and ecosystem effects of the alien invasive red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the Barents Sea—A review, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 2011, vol. 68, pp. 479−488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kittaka, J. and Stevens, B., Settlement by the glaucothoe of king crabs, genus Paralithodes, Fish. Sci., 2002, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 401−404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kittaka, J., Stevens, B.G., Teshima, S., et al., Larval culture of the king crabs Paralithodes camtschaticus and P. brevipes, in Proceedings of the Symposium Crab 2001 “Crabs in Cold Water Regions: Biology, Management, and Economics”, Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant, Univ. Alaska, 2002, pp. 189−209.

  46. Kurata, H., Studies on the larvae and post-larvae of Paralithodes camtschatica. III. The influence of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of larvae, Bull. Hokkaido Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 1960a, vol. 21, pp. 8−14.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kurata, H., Studies on the larva and post-larva of Paralithodes camtschatica II. Feeding habits of the zoea, Bull. Hokkaido Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 1960b, vol. 21, pp. 1−8.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Livingston, P.A., Ward, A., Lang, G.M., and Yang, M.-S., Groundfish food habits and predation on commercially important prey species in the eastern Bering Sea from 1987 to 1989, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-11, U. S. Dep. Commerce, 1993.

  49. Loher, T. and Armstrong, D., Effects of habitat complexity and relative larval supply on the establishment of early benthic phase red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) populations in Auke Bay, Alaska, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2000, vol. 245, no. 1, pp. 83–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Loher, T., Hill, P.S., Harrington, G., and Cassano, E., Management of Bristol Bay red king crab: A critical intersections approach to fisheries management, Rev. Fish. Sci., 1998, vol. 6, pp. 169–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Long, W.C., Cummiskey, P.A., and Munk, J.E., How does stocking density affect enhancement success for hatchery-reared red king crab?, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 2018, vol. 75, pp. 1940–1948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Long, W.C., Swiney, K.M., and Foy, R.J., Effects of ocean acidification on the embryos and larvae of red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2013, vol. 69, pp. 38–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Long, W.C., Swiney, K.M., Harris, C., et al., Effects of ocean acidification on juvenile red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi) growth, condition, calcification, and survival, PloS One, 2013, vol. 8, no. 4, e60959. https://journals.plos. org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.00609 59&type=printable. Accessed May 18, 2022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Lyons, C., Eckert, G., and Stoner, A.W., Influence of temperature and congener presence on habitat preference and fish predation in blue (Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850) and red (P. camtschaticus Tilesius, 1815) king crabs (Anomura: Lithodidae), J. Crustacean Biol., 2016, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 12−22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Nakanishi, T., The effects of the environment on the survival rate, growth and respiration of eggs, larvae and post-larvae of king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica), in Proceedings of the International King Crab Symposium, Anchorage, 1985, pp. 167−185.

  56. Nakanishi, T., Rearing condition of eggs, larvae and post-larvae of king crab, Bull. Jpn. Sea Reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 1987, vol. 37, pp. 57−161.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Paul, A.J., Paul, J.M., Shoemaker, P.A., et al., Prey concentrations and feeding response in laboratory-reared stage-one zoeae of king crab, snow crab, and pink shrimp, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 1979, vol. 108, pp. 440−443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Paul, A.J. and Paul, J.M., The effect of early starvation on later feeding success of king crab zoeae, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 1980, vol. 44, pp. 247−251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Pirtle, J.L. and Stoner, A.W., Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) early post-settlement habitat choice: Structure, food, and ontogeny, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2010, vol. 393, pp. 130−137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Pirtle, J.L., Eckert, G.L., and Stoner, A.W., Habitat structure influences the survival and predator-prey interactions of early juvenile red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser., 2012, vol. 465, pp. 169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Powell, G.C. and Nickerson, R.B., Aggregations among juvenile king crabs (Paralithodes camtschatica, Tilesius) Kodiak, Alaska, Anim. Behav., 1965, vol. 13, pp. 374–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Rice, S.D., Brodersen, C., and Arasmith, P.J., Feeding rates, molting success, and survival of juvenile red king crabs at different temperatures, in Proceedings of the International King Crab Symposium, Melteff, B., Ed., Anchorage: Univ. Alaska Sea Grant Program, 1985, pp. 187–191.

  63. Shirley, S.M. and Shirley, T.C., Interannual variability in density, timing and survival of Alaskan red king crab Paralithodes camtschatica larvae, Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser., 1989, vol. 54, pp. 51−59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Stevens, B.G., Settlement, substrate preference, and survival of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) glaucothoe on natural substrata in the laboratory, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2003, vol. 283, pp. 63−78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Stevens, B.G., King crab cultivation and stock enhancement in Japan and the United States: A brief history, in Workshop Proceedings “Alaska Crab Stock Enhancement and Rehabilitation”, Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, AKSG-06-04, 2006, pp. 23–31.

  66. Stevens, B.G., Hardening of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) shells after molting, J. Crustacean Biol., 2009, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 157–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Stevens, B.G., King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management, London: CRC, 2014.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  68. Stevens, B.G. and Swiney, K.M., Post-settlement effects of habitat type and predator size on cannibalism of glaucothoe and juveniles of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2005, vol. 312, pp. 1−11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Stevens, B.G., Persselin, S., and Matweyou, J., Survival of blue king crab Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850, larvae in cultivation: effects of diet, temperature and rearing density, Aquat. Res., 2008, vol. 39, pp. 390−397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Stillman, J.H., Fay, S.A., Ahmad, S.M., et al., Transcriptomic response to decreased pH in adult, larval and juvenile red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, and interactive effects of pH and temperature on juveniles, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., 2020, vol. 100, pp. 251–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Stone, R.P., O’Clair, C.E., and Shirley, T.C., Aggregating behavior of ovigerous female red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), in Auke Bay, Alaska, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1993, vol. 50, pp. 750−758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Stoner, A.W., Habitat-mediated survival of newly settled red king crab in the presence of a predatory fish: Role of habitat complexity and heterogeneity, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2009, vol. 382, pp. 54−60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Stoner, A.W., Copeman, L.A., and Ottmar, M.L., Molting, growth, and energetics of newly-settled blue king crab: Effects of temperature and comparisons with red king crab, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2013, vol. 442, pp. 10−21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Stoner, A.W., Ottmar, M.L., and Copeman, L.A., Temperature effects on the molting, growth, and lipid composition of newly-settled red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 2010, vol. 393, pp. 138–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Swiney, K.M., Long, W.C., and Foy, R.J., Decreased pH and increased temperatures affect young-of-the-year red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), ICES J. Mar. Sci., 2017, vol. 74, pp. 1191–1200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Swingle, J.S., Daly, B., and Hetrick, J., Temperature effects on larval survival, larval period, and health of hatchery-reared red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, Aquaculture, 2013, vols. 384−387, pp. 13–18.

  77. Thomas, R.E. and Rice, S.D., Salinity tolerance of adult and juvenile red king crabs Paralithodes camtschatica, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 1992, vol. 103, pp. 433−437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-74-30004) and by Antey Co.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia

    T. A. Gevorgyan & S. I. Maslennikov

  2. Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russia

    T. A. Gevorgyan

  3. Marine Biotechnopark, 690105, Vladivostok, Russia

    S. I. Maslennikov & G. F. Shchukina

Authors
  1. T. A. Gevorgyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. I. Maslennikov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. F. Shchukina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. A. Gevorgyan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest. The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals have been followed.

Additional information

Translated by T. Koznova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gevorgyan, T.A., Maslennikov, S.I. & Shchukina, G.F. Issues of Artificial Propagation of the Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815). Russ J Mar Biol 48, 422–430 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074022300010

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074022300010

Keywords:

Search

Navigation