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Patterns of Macrozoobenthos Distribution in Some Rivers of European Russia and Adjacent Regions

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Abstract

A statistical analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the macrozoobenthos in the streams and rivers of European Russia and Latvia (Oka, Don, and Gauja river basins) was carried out. Based on nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the distribution of the macrozoobenthos in the study streams was shown to be continuous, with no distinct types of communities distinguished. Based on the ANOSIM method, statistically significant species complexes associated with substrate types, flow velocity, and size of the stream and main river basins were recognized. Using the SIMPER, characteristic and differentiating taxa at the generic or species level for each species complex were delimited, with the life-forms of these taxa evaluated. Although the taxonomic composition of species complexes of flowing waters is weakly predictable, a statistically significant clustering of taxon groups associated with key environmental factors has been found possible. Conducting such research in different hydrological types of water bodies in various geographical regions is a promising direction for the environmental monitoring of freshwater.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to M.V. Chertoprud for providing a series of samples collected in the basin of the Gauja River (Latvia), as well as on the Polja and Ugra rivers (European part of Russia), and to D.M. Palatov for checking the taxonomic definition of some species and comments on the text of the article.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant of Moscow State University for the support of leading scientific schools of "Depository of Living Systems of Moscow University" within the framework of the MSU Development Program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 107140, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Vorobjeva & N. P. Kovatcheva

  2. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    I. S. Reshetov, A. I. Azovsky & E. S. Chertoprud

  3. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia

    E. S. Chertoprud

Authors
  1. L. V. Vorobjeva
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  2. I. S. Reshetov
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  3. A. I. Azovsky
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  4. N. P. Kovatcheva
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  5. E. S. Chertoprud
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to L. V. Vorobjeva, I. S. Reshetov, A. I. Azovsky or E. S. Chertoprud.

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Translated by L. Solovyova

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APPENDIX A.

APPENDIX A.

Differentiating taxa for sample groups identified by substrate type

Species, group

of species, or genus

Family

Order (subclass

for Oligochaeta,

order for mollusks)

Life forms

Relative abundance, % of the total number of organisms in the sample

\({{\bar {\delta }}_{i}}\)/SDi

Contribution to dissimilarity between sample groups, %

Stonesa–detritusb

Baetis rhodani

(Pictet 1843)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming algophage–scraper

15.68a; 10.04b

1.00

12.81

Brillia bifida

(Kieffer 1909)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

2.93a; 5.29b

0.72

4.50

Elodes sp.

Latreille 1796

Scirtidae

Coleoptera

Detritivourous collector–gatherer

1.38a; 5.07b

0.51

3.80

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

7.97a; 0.67b

0.78

3.19

Leuctra hippopus Kempny 1899

Leuctridae

Plecoptera

Mobile detritivorous collector–

gatherer

2.95a; 4.17b

0.90

3.14

Heptagenia sp.

Walsh 1863

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage–scraper

4.43a; 0.34b

0.57

2.26

Stonesa–siltc

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

7.97a; 0.00c

0.99

5.75

Chironomus sp.

Meigen 1803

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00a; 4.64c

0.52

3.84

Tubifex newaensis (Michaelsen 1903)

Tubificidae

Oligochaeta

Burrowing soil-eater

0.61a; 4.12c

0.50

3.66

Ancylus fluviatilis

O.F. Müller 1774

Ancylidae

Gastropoda

Sedentary algophage–scraper

5.71a; 0.00c

0.60

3.44

Caenis horaria

(Linnaeus 1758)

Caenidae

Ephemeroptera

Burrowing detritophage

0.82a; 2.99c

0.53

2.50

Detritusb–siltc

Prodiamesa olivacea (Meigen 1818)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.06b; 1.96c

0.73

4.96

Henslowiana

(Supiniana) sp.

Korniushin 1996

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

2.71b; 1.91c

0.58

4.83

Baetis rhodani

(Pictet 1843)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming algophage–scraper

10.04b; 0.80c

0.57

3.44

Stonesa – sandd

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

7.97a; 0.47d

0.97

5.36

Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank 1803)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00a; 7.71d

0.60

4.45

Ancylus fluviatilis

O.F. Müller 1774

Ancylidae

Gastropoda

Sedentary algophage–scraper

5.71a; 0.00d

0.56

3.40

Henslowiana

(Supiniana) sp.

Korniushin 1996

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

0.05a; 4.60d

0.61

3.05

Cryptochironomus gr. defectus

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.05a; 4.47d

0.61

2.52

Tubifex newaensis (Michaelsen 1903)

Tubificidae

Oligochaeta

Burrowing soil-eater

0.61a; 3.59d

0.56

2.13

Detritusb–sandd

Henslowiana

(Supiniana) sp.

Korniushin 1996

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

2.71b; 4.60d

0.78

4.13

Baetis rhodani

(Pictet 1843)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming algophage–scraper

10.04b; 0.02d

0.52

3.91

Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank 1803)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00b; 7.71d

0.53

3.25

Leuctra hippopus Kempny 1899

Leuctridae

Plecoptera

Mobile detritivorous

collector-g-atherer

4.17b; 0.28d

0.58

1.81

Siltc–sandd

Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank 1803)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00c; 7.71d

0.59

4.99

Chironomus sp.

Meigen 1803

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

4.64c; 3.56d

0.67

4.98

Tubifex newaensis (Michaelsen 1903)

Tubificidae

Oligochaeta

Burrowing soil-eater

4.12c; 3.59d

0.65

4.97

Pisidium amnicum (O.F. Müller 1774)

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

5.42c; 2.48d

0.54

4.28

Cryptochironomus gr. defectus

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.35c; 4.47d

0.66

3.00

Caenis horaria

(Linnaeus 1758)

Caenidae

Ephemeroptera

Burrowing detritophage

2.99c; 0.65d

0.53

2.45

Procladius

(Holotanypus) sp. Roback 1982

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

1.65c; 1.85d

0.61

2.18

Stonesa–macrophytese

Baetis vernus

Curtis. 1834

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

1.82a; 11.75e

0.63

6.79

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

7.97a; 0.83e

1.10

6.46

Cloeon gr. dipterum

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

1.23a; 11.99e

0.64

5.34

Cloeon luteolum (Muller 1776)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.86a; 8.10e

0.63

5.02

Ancylus fluviatilis

O.F. Müller 1774

Ancylidae

Gastropoda

Sedentary algophage-scraper

5.71a; 0.01e

0.69

3.86

Laccophilus hyalinus (De Geer. 1774)

Dytiscidae

Coleoptera

Swimming catcher

0.00a; 4.71e

0.51

3.10

Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus 1758)

Bithyniidae

Gastropoda

Sedentary collector–gatherer

1.56a; 2.71e

0.56

2.37

Detritusb–macrophytese

Baetis vernus Curtis 1834

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

2.61b; 11.75e

0.62

7.53

Cloeon gr. dipterum

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.12b; 11.99e

0.61

4.57

Cloeon luteolum (Muller 1776)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

1.81b; 8.10e

0.52

4.13

Siltc–macrophytese

Cloeon gr. dipterum

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

1.29c; 11.99e

0.63

6.67

Baetis vernus

Curtis 1834

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.00c; 11.75e

0.55

6.55

Cloeon luteolum (Muller 1776)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.22c; 8.10e

0.55

4.56

Chironomus sp.

Meigen 1803

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

4.64c; 0.58e

0.55

3.95

Sandd–macrophytese

Baetis vernus

Curtis 1834

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector

1.47d; 11.75e

0.58

7.05

Cloeon gr. dipterum

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.67d; 11.99e

0.62

5.60

Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank 1803)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

7.71d; 0.22e

0.67

5.44

Cloeon luteolum (Muller 1776)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

0.44d; 8.10e

0.60

4.90

Cladotanytarsus gr. mancus

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

5.01d; 0.00e

0.50

3.77

Cryptochironomus gr. defectus

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

4.47d; 0.00e

0.74

3.32

Laccophilus hyalinus (De Geer 1774)

Dytiscidae

Coleoptera

Swimming catcher

0.01d; 4.71e

0.52

3.07

Tubifex newaensis (Michaelsen 1903)

Tubificidae

Oligochaeta

Burrowing soil-eater

3.59d; 0.20e

0.62

2.71

Stonesa – snagsf

Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen 1960

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

1.33a; 14.57f

0.94

11.55

Baetis rhodani

(Pictet 1843)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming algophage-scraper

15.68a; 5.47f

0.66

6.87

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

7.97a; 6.84f

1.18

5.55

Heptagenia flava

Rostock 1878

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

0.00a; 7.57f

0.55

4.81

Heptagenia sp.

Walsh 1863

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

4.43a; 2.32f

0.62

3.71

Macronychus quadrituberculatus Muller 1806

Elmidae

Coleoptera

Sedentary xylophage

0.00a; 5.80f

0.61

3.69

Atherix ibis

(Fabricus 1798)

Athericidae

Diptera

Sedentary predator

2.47a; 3.09f

0.86

2.70

Detritusb–snagsf

Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen 1960

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.15b; 14.57f

1.12

14.37

Baetis rhodani

(Pictet 1843)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming algophage-scraper

10.04b; 5.47f

0.92

6.77

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

0.67b; 6.84f

1.57

4.92

Brillia bifida

(Kieffer 1909)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

5.29b; 0.30f

0.56

2.77

Heptagenia sp.

Walsh 1863

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

0.34b; 2.32f

0.76

2.73

Stenochironomus sp. Kieffer 1919

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00b; 2.23f

0.57

2.71

Atherix ibis

(Fabricus 1798)

Athericidae

Diptera

Sedentary predator

0.32b; 3.09f

0.76

2.55

Leuctra hippopus Kempny 1899

Leuctridae

Plecoptera

Mobile detritivorous

collector–gatherer

4.17b; 0.76f

0.60

2.20

Siltc–snagsf

Chironomus sp.

Meigen 1803

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

4.64c; 5.24f

0.68

6.90

Heptagenia flava

Rostock 1878

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

0.09c; 7.57f

0.64

5.32

Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen 1960

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

0.00c; 14.57f

0.60

4.25

Macronychus quadrituberculatus Muller 1806

Elmidae

Coleoptera

Sedentary xylophage

0.00c; 5.80f

0.71

4.07

Pisidium amnicum

(O.F. Müller 1774)

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

5.42c; 1.94f

0.54

3.79

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

0.00c; 6.84f

0.78

2.92

Sandd–snagsf

Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen. 1960

Chironomidae

Diptera

Sedentary filter feeder

0.02d; 14.57f

0.73

6.18

Heptagenia flava

Rostock 1878

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

0.10d; 7.57f

0.72

6.05

Macronychus quadrituberculatus Muller 1806

Elmidae

Coleoptera

Sedentary xylophage

0.00d; 5.80f

0.80

4.60

Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank 1803)

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

7.71d; 0.00f

0.60

4.52

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

0.47d; 6.84f

1.04

3.80

Chironomus sp.

Meigen 1803

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

3.56d; 5.24f

0.50

3.06

Cryptochironomus gr. defectus

Chironomidae

Diptera

See Table 4

4.47d; 0.00f

0.63

2.66

Henslowiana

(Supiniana) sp.

Korniushin 1996

Sphaeriidae

Bivalvia

Burrowing filter feeder

4.60d; 0.00f

0.52

2.41

Tubifex newaensis (Michaelsen 1903)

Tubificidae

Oligochaeta

Burrowing soil-eater

3.59d; 0.00f

0.53

2.13

Macrophytese – snagsf

Simuliidae gen.sp.

Simuliidae

Diptera

Sedentary filter feeder

6.04e; 5.95f

0.61

7.81

Heptagenia flava

Rostock 1878

Heptageniidae

Ephemeroptera

Crawling algophage-scraper

0.20e; 7.57f

0.80

7.10

Baetis vernus

Curtis 1834

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

11.75e; 0.83f

0.58

6.60

Cloeon gr. dipterum

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

11.99e; 0.30f

0.60

5.86

Macronychus quadrituberculatus Muller 1806

Elmidae

Coleoptera

Sedentary xylophage

0.00e; 5.80f

0.89

5.42

Cloeon luteolum (Muller 1776)

Baetidae

Ephemeroptera

Swimming collector–gatherer

8.10e; 0.00f

0.55

4.63

Paratanytarsus confusus Palmen 1960

Chironomidae

Diptera

Sedentary filter feeder

0.23e; 14.57f

0.73

4.50

Hydropsyche sp.

Pictet 1834

Hydropsychidae

Trichoptera

Sedentary predator

0.83e; 6.84f

0.95

3.53

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Vorobjeva, L.V., Reshetov, I.S., Azovsky, A.I. et al. Patterns of Macrozoobenthos Distribution in Some Rivers of European Russia and Adjacent Regions. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 50, 1758–1781 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359023080320

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