Abstract
The effect of a lipid complex isolated from a water–ethanol extract of the thallus of the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (ahnfeltia lipid complex (ALC)) on the biochemical parameters of the blood and liver of mice intoxicated by carbon tetrachloride has been studied. It is shown that the administration of ALС had a significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect; it was more efficient than the Essentiale® reference hepatoprotector in terms of the ability to restore the animal weight, specific liver weight, AlAT activity, and lipid metabolism and to reduce lipid peroxidation. The hepatoprotective effect of the ALС is determined by the action of its constituent phospholipids and glycolipids of marine origin, characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of group n-3.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Asztalos, I.B., Gleason, J.A., Sever, S., Gedik, R., Asztalos, B.F., Horvath, K.V., Dansinger, M.L., Lamon-Fava, S., and Schaefer, E.J., Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized clinical trial, Metab. Clin. Exp., 2016, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 1636–1645.
Boll, M., Weber, L.W., Becker, E., and Stampfl, A., Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular damage by reactive carbon tetrachloride metabolites, Z. Naturforsch. C, 2001, vol. 56, nos. 7–8, pp. 649–659.
Bradford, M.M., Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein–dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 1976, vol. 72, nos. 1–2, pp. 248–254.
Bupesh, G., Amutha, C., Vasanth, S., Manoharan, N., Raja, R.S., Krishnamoorthy, R., and Subramanian, P., Hepatoprotective efficacy of Hypnea muciformis ethanolic extract on CCl4-induced toxicity in rats, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2012, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 857–863.
Burk, R.F., Lawrence, R.A., and Lane, J.M., Liver necrosis and lipid peroxidation in the rat as the result of paraquat and diquat administration. Effect of selenium deficiency, J. Clin. Invest., 1980, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1024–1031.
Carreau, J.P. and Dubaco, J.P., Adaptation of a macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl trans-esterification of biological lipid extracts, J. Chromatogr., A, 1978, vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 384–390.
Christie, W.W., Equivalent chain-lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids on gas chromatography a reappraisal, J. Chromatogr., A, 1988, vol. 447, pp. 305–314.
Cornelius, F., Habeck, M., Kanai, R., Toyoshima, C., and Karlish, S.J.D., General and specific lipid-protein interactions in Na,K-ATPase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembranes, 2015, vol. 1848, no. 9, pp. 1729–1743.
Day, C.P., Burt, A.D., Brown, A.S.M., Bennett, M.K., Farrell, D.J., James, O.F.W., and Yeaman, S.J., Plasma-membrane form of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase—a possible role in signal-transduction during liver fibrogenesis, Clin. Sci., 1993, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 281–287.
Fisenko, V.P., Rukovodstvo po eksperimental’nomu (doklinicheskomu) izucheniyu novykh farmakologicheskikh veshchestv (Guidelines for Experimental (Preclinical) Study of New Pharmaceuticals), Moscow, 2000.
Folch, J., Less, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G.H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 1957, vol. 226, no. 1, pp. 497–509.
Fomenko, S.E., Kushnerova, N.F., Sprygin, V.G., Drugova, E.S., Lesnikova, L.N., Merzlyakov, V.Y., and Momot, T.V., Lipid composition, content of polyphenols, and antiradical activity in some representatives of marine algae, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2019, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 942–949.
Garrel, C., Alessandri, J.-M., Guesnet, P., and Al-Gubory, K.H., Omega-3 fatty acids enhance mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in rat organs during post-natal development, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2012, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 123–131.
Van Gent, C.M., Roseleur, O.J., and Van Der Bijl, P., The detection of cerebrosides on thin-layer chromatograms with an anthrone spray reagent, J. Chromatogr., A, 1973, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 174–176.
Goldberg, D.M. and Spooner, R.J., Assay of glutathione reductase, in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, Deerfiled Beach: Verlog Chemie, 1983, vol. 3, pp. 258–265.
Goncharenko, M.S. and Latinova, A.M., Method for assessing lipid peroxidation, Lab. Delo, 1985, no. 1, pp. 60–61.
Gonzalez-Periz, A., Planaguma, A., Gronert, K., Miquel, R., Lopez-Parra, M., Titos, E., Horrillo, R., Ferre, N., Deulofeu, R., Arroyo, V., Rodes, J., and Claria, J., Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) blunts liver injury by conversion to protective lipid mediators: protectin D1 and 17S-hydroxy-DHA, FASEB J., 2006, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 1844–1855.
Huang, W., Wang, B., Li, X.Y., and Kang, J.X., Endogenously elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate acute ethanol-induced liver steatosis, Biofactors, 2015, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 453–462.
Jump, D.B., Depner, C.M., Tripathy, S., and Lytle, K.A., Potential for dietary omega-3 fatty acids to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and reduce the risk of primary liver cancer, Adv. Nutr., 2015, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 694–702.
Keits, M., Techniques of Lipidology: Isolation, Analysis, and Identification of Lipids, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1972.
Khotimchenko, S.V., Lipidy morskikh vodoroslei-makrofitov i trav. Struktura, raspredelenie, analiz (Lipids of Macrophyte Algae and Grasses: Structure, Distribution, and Analysis), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2003.
Khotimchenko, S.V. and Gusarova, I.S., Red algae of Peter the Great Bay as a source of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids, Russ. J. Mar. Biol., 2004, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 183–187.
Khotimchenko, S.V. and Vaskovsky, V.E., Distribution of C20 polyenoic fatty-acids in red macrophytic algae, Bot. Mar., 1990, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 525–528.
Kostetsky, E.Y., Goncharova, S.N., Sanina, N.M., and Shnyrov, V.L., Season influence on lipid composition of marine macrophytes, Bot. Mar., 2004, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 134–139.
Madrigal-Santillan, E., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., Alvarez-Gonzalez, I., Sumaya-Martinez, M.T., Gutierrez-Salinas, J., Bautista, M., Morales-Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Rubio, M., Aguilar-Faisal, J.L., and Morales-Gonzalez, J.A., Review of natural products with hepatoprotective effects, World J. Gastroenterol., 2014, vol. 20, no. 40, pp. 14787–14804.
Maksymchuk, O., Shysh, A., Chashchyn, M., and Moibenko, O., Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter fatty acid composition of lipids and CYP2E1 expression in rat liver tissue, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 2015, vol. 85, nos. 5–6, pp. 322–328.
Novgorodtseva, T.P., Endakova, E.A., and Yan’kova, V.I., Rukovodstvo po metodam issledovaniya parametrov sistemy “Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov—antioksidantnaya zashchita” v biologicheskikh zhidkostyakh (Guide to the Methods of Research of the Parameters of the “Lipid Peroxidation–Antioxidant Defense” System in Biological Fluids), Vladivostok: Dal’nevost. Gos. Univ., 2003.
Oette, K., Kuhn, G., Romer, A., Niemann, R., Gundermann, K.J., and Schumacher, R., Absorption of di-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine after oral administration, Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1995, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 875–879.
Paoletti, F., Aldinucci, D., Mocali, A., and Caparrini, A., A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of superoxide-dismutase activity in tissue-extracts, Anal. Biochem., 1986, vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 536–541.
Patten, A.R., Brocardo, P.S., and Christie, B.R., Omega-3 supplementation can restore glutathione levels and prevent oxidative damage caused by prenatal ethanol exposure, J. Nutr. Biochem., 2013, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 760–769.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., and Rice-Evans, C., Antioxidant activity applying an improved abts radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radical Biol. Med., 1999, vol. 26, nos. 9–10, pp. 1231–1237.
Richard, D., Kefi, K., Barbe, U., Bausero, P., and Visioli, F., Polyunsaturated fatty acids as antioxidants, Pharmacol. Res., 2008, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 451–455.
Rouser, G., Kritchevsky, G., and Yamamoto, A., Column chromatographic and associated procedures for separation and determination of phosphatides and glycolipids, in Lipid Chromatographic Analysis, New York: Dekker, 1967, vol. 1, рр. 99–162.
Ryu, A., Itabe, H., Mutoh, M., Kudo, I., Arai, H., and Inoue, K., Enhanced degradation of phospholipids by phospholipase A2 in liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated rat, J. Health Sci., 2000, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 275–281.
Sanzgiri, U.Y., Srivatsan, V., Muralidhara, S., Dallas, C.E., and Bruckner, J.V., Uptake, distribution, and elimination of carbon tetrachloride in rat tissues following inhalation and ingestion exposures, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1997, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 120–129.
Svetachev, V.I. and Vaskovsky, V.E., A simplified technique for thin-layer microchromatography of lipids, J. Chromatogr., 1972, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 376–3788.
Titlyanov, E.A. and Titlyanova, T.V., Morskie rasteniya stran Aziatsko-Tikhookeanskogo regiona, ikh ispol’zovanie i kul’tivirovanie (Sea Plants of the Countries of the Asia-Pacific Region, Their Use and Cultivation), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2012.
Ushkalova, E.A., The place of essential phospholipids in modern medicine, Farmateka, 2003, no. 10, pp. 40–46.
Vaskovsky, V.E. and Khotimchenko, S.V., HPTLC of polar lipids of algae and other plants, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 1982, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 635–636.
Vaskovsky, V.E. and Terekhova, T.A., HPTLC of phospholipid mixtures containing phosphatidylglycerol, J. Sep. Sci., 1979, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 671–672.
Vaskovsky, V.E., Kostetsky, E.Y., and Vasendin, I.M., A universal reagent for phospholipid analysis, J. Chromatogr., 1975, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 129–141.
Vengerovskii, A.I., Markova, I.V., and Saratikov, A.S., Guidelines for the study of hepatoprotective activity of pharmaceuticals, in Rukovodstvo po eksperimental’nomu (doklinicheskomu) izucheniyu novykh farmakologicheskikh sredstv (Guidelines for Experimental (Preclinical) Study of New Pharmaceuticals), Moscow: Meditsina, 2005, рр. 683–691.
Weber, L.W.D., Boll, M., and Stampfl, A., Hepatotoxicity and mechanism of action of haloalkanes: carbon tetrachloride as a toxicological model, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 2003, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 105–136.
Funding
This study was conducted under a State Assignment, project no. 0271-2019-0004, state registration no. AAAA-A17-117030110038-5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by D. Zabolotny
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sprygin, V.G., Kushnerova, N.F. & Fomenko, S.E. Effect of a Lipid Complex from the Marine Red Alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis on the Metabolic Responses of the Liver under Conditions of Experimental Toxic Hepatitis. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 48 (Suppl 3), S10–S18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359022010149
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359022010149